Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1761: Toxic shock syndrome is a form of distributive shock that may affect the CNS, resulting in _____

Answer: confusion

Flashcard 1762: (+) QRS in lead I (+) QRS in lead II frontal axis = _____

Answer: normal axis

Flashcard 1763: What is the likely diagnosis in a young adult that presents with headache, fatigue, persistent dry cough, and mild sore throat? There is a faint macular rash on the arms/legs and increased interstitial markings on CXR. _____

Answer: Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (atypical pneumonia)

Flashcard 1764: In knee osteoarthritis, exercises to strengthen the quadriceps muscles can reduce abnormal loading on the joint and protect the _____ from further stress

Answer: articular cartilage

Flashcard 1765: _____ vertigo is a form of vertigo that presents with nystagmus that is constant

Answer: Central

Flashcard 1766: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is characterized by periodic _____ complexes on EEG

Answer: sharp wave

Flashcard 1767: Primary CNS lymphoma is typically characterized by _____ in the CSF and a single ring-enhancing lesion on MRI in an HIV-infected patient

Answer: EBV DNA

Flashcard 1768: What is **Eisenmenger syndrome**?\n_____

Answer: Reversal of a left-to-right shunt to a right-to-left shunt due to pulmonary hypertension

Extra: Chronic left-to-right shunts (e.g., VSD, ASD, PDA) lead to pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling. Eventually, right ventricular pressure exceeds left ventricular pressure, causing the shunt to reverse (right-to-left), resulting in cyanosis and clubbing.

Flashcard 1769: What is dialysis disequilibrium syndrome? _____

Answer: Development of acute cerebral edema d/t rapid extraction of osmotically active substances (e.g. urea, NaCl)

Flashcard 1770: Carpal tunnel syndrome step-up treatments? _____

Answer: Splinting → Steroid injection → Surgery

Extra: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is caused by compression of the median nerve. 1. Initial treatment: Nocturnal wrist splinting in neutral position. 2. Persistent symptoms: Local corticosteroid injections. 3. Severe or refractory symptoms: Surgical decompression (carpal tunnel release). Oral steroids and NSAIDs are generally not recommended for CTS.