Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1211: Post-trauma sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo worsened by sneezing = _____

Answer: perilymphatic fistula

Extra: A perilymphatic fistula is an abnormal opening between the fluid-filled inner ear and the air-filled middle ear (most commonly the round or oval windows). Symptoms are typically exacerbated by changes in intracranial or middle ear pressure (e.g., sneezing, coughing, straining).

Flashcard 1212: Multiple myeloma is associated with free _____ excretion in the urine, known as Bence Jones proteinuria.

Answer: light chain

Extra: Bence Jones proteins are monoclonal globulin free light chains found in the urine. They are not detected by standard urine dipstick (which primarily detects albumin). Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma typically requires SPEP (for serum M-protein), UPEP (for Bence Jones protein), and bone marrow biopsy.

Flashcard 1213: Anaphylactic shock and hypotension = IM epi and _____

Answer: IVF bolus

Extra: Intramuscular (IM) epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. IV fluid boluses are indicated for volume replacement in patients with hypotension/shock.

Flashcard 1214: Acute closed-angle glaucoma results in a(n) _____, red eye that is fixed and mid-dilated

Answer: painful

Flashcard 1215: Joint pain in Lyme disease is typically _____, while joint pain in hemarthrosis is _____ (mild/severe)

Answer: mild

Extra: Lyme arthritis typically presents with a large effusion but relatively mild pain (patients can often bear weight). In contrast, acute hemarthrosis (e.g., in hemophilia) and septic arthritis are typically characterized by severe pain and limited range of motion.

Flashcard 1216: MSK back pain is managed with _____

Answer: conservative management

Flashcard 1217: History of hepatitis B, renal failure, mesenteric ischemia, motor/sensory neuropathy and purpura/nodules = _____

Answer: polyarteritis nodosa

Flashcard 1218: _____ (a form of tertiary syphilis) is diagnosed with CSF studies (e.g., VDRL).

Answer: Neurosyphilis

Extra: Neurosyphilis is classically categorized as tertiary syphilis in many diagnostic algorithms, although it can occur at any stage (early neurosyphilis vs. late neurosyphilis).

Flashcard 1219: What drug class should be added to a patients medications if they have diabetes and microalbuminuria? _____

Answer: ACE inhibitors

Flashcard 1220: Polycythemia vera is treated with _____

Answer: repeated phlebotomy