Antimicrobial Agents — Flashcards

Flashcard 371: What is the primary mode of resistance to drugs like chloroquine, mefloquine, halofantrine, lumefantrine, quinine etc.?_____

Answer: Efflux pumping

Flashcard 372: Which drug for COVID-19 acts as a fusion inhibitor (e.g., by targeting the HR1/HR2 interaction)?

Answer: Umifenovir (Arbidol) :: EK1C4 is also a potent fusion inhibitor.

Extra: Umifenovir (Arbidol) is the drug most commonly cited as a fusion inhibitor for COVID-19 in medical exams. EK1C4 is a potent lipopeptide fusion inhibitor that targets the HR1/HR2 interaction (preventing 6-helix bundle formation). Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is classified as an entry/uncoating inhibitor because it increases endosomal pH, which prevents viral release; it is not a direct fusion inhibitor targeting HR1/HR2.

Flashcard 373: Which anti-malarial is also used for treating extra-intestinal amebiasis?_____

Answer: Chloroquine

Flashcard 374: _____ are a group of antibiotics that have additional anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities.

Answer: Macrolides

Flashcard 375: Prolonged use of which anti-tubercular drug may cause goitre?_____

Answer: Ethionamide

Flashcard 376: Linezolid is an example of a bacterio_____ drug.

Answer: static (cidal/static)

Flashcard 377: _____ is preferred for prophylactic therapy against bacteremia caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC).

Answer: Azithromycin

Flashcard 378: _____ are the only indication for the use of nalidixic acid

Answer: UTIs

Flashcard 379: Which fluoroquinolone are used for systemic infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?_____

Answer: Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin

Flashcard 380: Hydrogen peroxide is a _____ but acts as a poor antiseptic because it is rapidly degraded by the enzyme catalase in tissues.

Answer: disinfectant