Antimicrobial Agents — Flashcards

Flashcard 131: Treatment for E. histolytica infections includes metronidazole for invasive colitis, followed by paromomycin or iodoquinol to eliminate intra_____ cysts.

Answer: luminal

Flashcard 132: Treatment for Chlamydia includes _____ (first-line), azithromycin (alternative) and ceftriaxone for possible concurrent N. gonorrhoeae infection.

Answer: doxycycline

Extra: Per CDC 2021 guidelines, <b>Doxycycline</b> (100mg BID x 7 days) is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated chlamydial infections of the cervix, urethra, and rectum. <b>Azithromycin</b> (1g single dose) is now considered an alternative treatment.

Flashcard 133: To remember the protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics, the mnemonic "Buy AT 30, CCEL at 50" is used. **30S inhibitors:** _____ Tetracyclines (block aminoacyl-tRNA binding) **50S inhibitors:** Chloramphenicol (inhibits peptidyltransferase) Clindamycin (inhibits translocation) Erythromycin / Macrolides (inhibits translocation) Linezolid (prevents initiation complex formation)

Answer: Aminoglycosides (inhibit initiation complex, cause mRNA misreading)

Flashcard 134: Which two anti-influenza drugs have a high rate of resistance (no longer recommended)? _____

Answer: Amantadine and Rimantadine

Flashcard 135: Amphotericin B or _____ (drug class) can be used for systemic candidal infections

Answer: echinocandins

Flashcard 136: The BCG vaccine is primarily used to prevent _____, as well as an alternative treatment for superficial bladder cancer

Answer: tuberculosis

Flashcard 137: _____ generation cephalosporins can be used to treat community and hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer: 3rd

Flashcard 138: When treating **Chlamydia trachomatis**, in which situations is **Azithromycin** preferred over Doxycycline? - Patients who are _____ - Treatment of Trachoma (Serotypes A-C) - Patients with expected poor compliance (due to single-dose regimen)

Answer: pregnant

Extra: CDC Guidelines Update: **Doxycycline** (100 mg BID for 7 days) is now the preferred first-line treatment for urogenital *Chlamydia trachomatis* (serotypes D-K). **Azithromycin** (1g single dose) is recommended as an alternative when compliance is a concern and remains the first-line treatment in **pregnancy**. *Chlamydia* serotypes: - **A-C**: Trachoma (Leading cause of preventable blindness) - **D-K**: Urogenital infections, Neonatal conjunctivitis/pneumonia - **L1-L3**: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

Flashcard 139: HSCT recipients are given prophylaxis against _____ infections with letermovir.

Answer: CMV

Flashcard 140: Tetracyclines (e.g., Doxycycline) are the drug of choice for infections caused by _____ (Lyme disease).

Answer: Borrelia burgdorferi

Extra: Tetracyclines (particularly Doxycycline) are also the drug of choice for: - Rickettsial infections (e.g., Rocky Mountain spotted fever) - Chlamydia infections - Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Acne vulgaris - Vibrio cholerae