Antimicrobial Agents — Flashcards

Flashcard 131: Treatment for E. histolytica infections includes metronidazole for invasive colitis, followed by paromomycin or iodoquinol to eliminate intra_____ cysts.

Answer: luminal

Flashcard 132: _____ mutation (associated with the use of lamivudine or emtricitabine) restores zidovudine susceptibility in zidovudine-resistant HIV.

Answer: M184V

Flashcard 133: Chloramphenicol is used to treat _____ caused by Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis

Answer: meningitis

Flashcard 134: Aminopenicillins (amoxicillin and ampicillin) can treat pneumonia caused by _____ and H. influenzae.

Answer: Strep pneumoniae

Flashcard 135: Which two anti-influenza drugs have a high rate of resistance (no longer recommended)? _____

Answer: Amantadine and Rimantadine

Flashcard 136: _____ generation cephalosporins can be used to treat community and hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer: 3rd

Flashcard 137: HSCT recipients are given prophylaxis against _____ infections with letermovir.

Answer: CMV

Flashcard 138: When treating **Chlamydia trachomatis**, in which situations is **Azithromycin** preferred over Doxycycline? - Patients who are _____ - Treatment of Trachoma (Serotypes A-C) - Patients with expected poor compliance (due to single-dose regimen)

Answer: pregnant

Extra: CDC Guidelines Update: **Doxycycline** (100 mg BID for 7 days) is now the preferred first-line treatment for urogenital *Chlamydia trachomatis* (serotypes D-K). **Azithromycin** (1g single dose) is recommended as an alternative when compliance is a concern and remains the first-line treatment in **pregnancy**. *Chlamydia* serotypes: - **A-C**: Trachoma (Leading cause of preventable blindness) - **D-K**: Urogenital infections, Neonatal conjunctivitis/pneumonia - **L1-L3**: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

Flashcard 139: Specific indications for _____ include **RACE**: - **R**: Refractory aspergillosis - **A**: Azole-resistant Candida - **C**: Candidemia - **E**: Empiric treatment in a febrile, neutropenic patient

Answer: caspofungin

Flashcard 140: Tetracyclines (e.g., Doxycycline) are the drug of choice for infections caused by _____ (Lyme disease).

Answer: Borrelia burgdorferi

Extra: Tetracyclines (particularly Doxycycline) are also the drug of choice for: - Rickettsial infections (e.g., Rocky Mountain spotted fever) - Chlamydia infections - Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Acne vulgaris - Vibrio cholerae