Antimicrobial Agents — Flashcards

Flashcard 141: _____ are anti-bacterials that have bulky R-groups that block access to the beta-lactam ring, making them penicillinase/beta-lactamase resistant.

Answer: Anti-staph penicillins

Flashcard 142: Specific indications for _____ include **RACE**: - **R**: Refractory aspergillosis - **A**: Azole-resistant Candida - **C**: Candidemia - **E**: Empiric treatment in a febrile, neutropenic patient

Answer: caspofungin

Flashcard 143: Tetracyclines (e.g., Doxycycline) are the drug of choice for infections caused by _____ (Lyme disease).

Answer: Borrelia burgdorferi

Extra: Tetracyclines (particularly Doxycycline) are also the drug of choice for: - Rickettsial infections (e.g., Rocky Mountain spotted fever) - Chlamydia infections - Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Acne vulgaris - Vibrio cholerae

Flashcard 144: When treating **Chlamydia trachomatis**, in which situations is **Azithromycin** preferred over Doxycycline? - Patients who are _____ - Treatment of Trachoma (Serotypes A-C) - Patients with expected poor compliance (due to single-dose regimen)

Answer: pregnant

Extra: CDC Guidelines Update: **Doxycycline** (100 mg BID for 7 days) is now the preferred first-line treatment for urogenital *Chlamydia trachomatis* (serotypes D-K). **Azithromycin** (1g single dose) is recommended as an alternative when compliance is a concern and remains the first-line treatment in **pregnancy**. *Chlamydia* serotypes: - **A-C**: Trachoma (Leading cause of preventable blindness) - **D-K**: Urogenital infections, Neonatal conjunctivitis/pneumonia - **L1-L3**: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

Flashcard 145: Which azoles (2) can treat candidal esophagitis in AIDS patients? _____, Voriconazole

Answer: Fluconazole

Flashcard 146: Azoles inhibit the conversion of _____ to ergosterol

Answer: lanosterol

Flashcard 147: Which two antibiotics are commonly used to treat vancomycin-resistant bacteria (e.g., VRE, VRSA)? _____ and Daptomycin

Answer: Linezolid

Flashcard 148: _____ include cefepime

Answer: 4th generation cephalosporins

Flashcard 149: Diphyllobothrium latum is treated with _____ or niclosamide

Answer: praziquantel

Flashcard 150: Recurrence of genital HSV can be suppressed or minimized with a _____ administration of valacyclovir

Answer: daily