NEET-PG 2024 - Radiology PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Identify the investigation being carried out in the image.

Barium Swallow. ***Barium Swallow*** - The image shows a contrast material, characteristic of **barium**, flowing through the esophagus, captured as a sequence of X-ray images, which is the definition of a barium swallow study. - This **dynamic imaging** allows for evaluation of swallowing function and esophageal motility. *Fluoroscopy* - While a barium swallow uses **fluoroscopy** to visualize the movement of barium, fluoroscopy itself is the technique, not the specific investigation being performed. The image depicts the result of a specific type of fluoroscopic examination. - Fluoroscopy is a general term for real-time X-ray imaging, whereas "Barium Swallow" specifies the type of study being done on the upper GI tract. *X-ray after alkali ingestion* - This scenario would typically involve viewing the effects of **corrosive injury** to the esophagus, which would appear as mucosal damage, narrowing, or perforation. The image does not show these features; instead, it shows smooth passage of contrast. - There is no visible evidence of an acute or chronic injury pattern consistent with **alkali ingestion**, which often leads to severe burns or strictures. *X-ray after acid ingestion* - Similar to alkali ingestion, acid ingestion also causes **corrosive injury**, typically affecting the stomach more severely than the esophagus. The image does not demonstrate these pathological changes. - The smooth, unobstructed flow of contrast in multiple frames is indicative of normal esophageal function rather than the sequelae of corrosive ingestion. [Practice more Radiology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What condition does the MRCP (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography) image indicate?

Choledochal cyst. **Choledochal cyst** - The MRCP image clearly shows a **cystic dilation** of the common bile duct, which is characteristic of a choledochal cyst. - This congenital anomaly involves saccular or fusiform dilation of the bile ducts, as depicted by the **balloon-like structure** in the image. - MRCP is the **gold standard imaging modality** for diagnosing choledochal cysts, providing excellent visualization of the biliary tree anatomy. *Dilated CBD (Common Bile Duct)* - While a choledochal cyst is a type of CBD dilation, simply stating "dilated CBD" is not specific enough, as the image shows a distinct **cystic morphology** beyond just uniform dilation. - Common bile duct dilation can be caused by various factors like stones or strictures, but the **focal, bulbous appearance** points specifically to a cyst. *Acute cholecystitis* - Acute cholecystitis typically presents with signs of gallbladder inflammation, such as **gallbladder wall thickening**, pericholecystic fluid, and gallstones, which are not depicted in this MRCP. - MRCP primarily visualizes the bile ducts and does not typically show the inflammatory changes of the gallbladder wall as clearly as ultrasound or CT. *Cholangiocarcinoma* - Cholangiocarcinoma usually manifests as a **stricture** or **mass** within the bile ducts, causing upstream dilation, rather than the isolated cystic dilation seen in the image. - There is no evidence of an obstructing mass or irregular narrowing within the bile ducts that would suggest a malignancy. [Practice more Radiology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A patient presents with foul-smelling sputum along with breathlessness and fever. Using the X-ray below, identify the diagnosis.

Lung Abscess. ***Lung Abscess*** - The combination of **foul-smelling sputum** (indicating anaerobic bacterial infection), breathlessness, and fever is **pathognomonic for lung abscess** - The X-ray demonstrates a **characteristic air-fluid level** within the lung parenchyma, which is the hallmark radiographic finding of a cavitating lung abscess - When a lung abscess ruptures into a bronchus, it produces the typical **foul-smelling, purulent sputum** described in this case - Common causes include aspiration pneumonia, particularly in patients with risk factors like alcoholism, poor dental hygiene, or altered consciousness *Pleural Effusion* - While pleural effusion can present with breathlessness and fever, it would **not produce foul-smelling sputum** - A simple pleural effusion appears as **blunting of the costophrenic angle** or a **meniscus sign**, not an air-fluid level within the lung field - An empyema (infected pleural effusion) with bronchopleural fistula could theoretically show an air-fluid level, but this would be in the **pleural space**, not within the lung parenchyma, and is much less common than lung abscess *Pneumothorax* - Pneumothorax shows **air in the pleural space** with visible lung edge and absent lung markings peripherally - There would be **no fluid component** and no foul-smelling sputum - The air-fluid level seen here indicates a cavitary lesion, not a pneumothorax *Pericardial Effusion* - Pericardial effusion presents with an **enlarged, globular cardiac silhouette** ("water bottle heart") - It would **not cause respiratory symptoms** like foul-smelling sputum or the radiographic findings shown - The pathology is clearly in the **lung field**, not around the heart [Practice more Radiology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the Diagnosis based on the CT Scan given below?

Renal polycystic kidney disease. ***Polycystic kidney disease*** - The CT scan images show **enlarged kidneys** replaced by numerous **cysts of varying sizes**, which is the hallmark appearance of polycystic kidney disease. - The presence of multiple cysts **bilaterally** and diffusely throughout the renal parenchyma is characteristic of this genetic disorder. *Renal cyst* - A single renal cyst is a common benign finding, appearing as a **well-defined, fluid-filled** structure. - The images clearly demonstrate **multiple cysts** affecting both kidneys, ruling out a solitary renal cyst. *Renal tumor* - A renal tumor (e.g., renal cell carcinoma) typically appears as a **solid mass**, often with heterogeneous enhancement after contrast. - The lesions seen in the image are predominantly **cystic** and multifocal, which is inconsistent with a typical renal tumor. *Renal angiomyolipoma* - Renal angiomyolipomas are benign tumors containing **fat, smooth muscle, and blood vessels**, and they characteristically show **macroscopic fat** on CT scans. - While they can be multiple, especially in tuberous sclerosis, the dominant feature in the image is widespread cystic transformation, not fat-containing solid masses. [Practice more Radiology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A 25-year-old male presents with chest pain and shortness of breath. A CT scan of the chest is performed, and the image provided shows a large, well-defined mass in the anterior mediastinum. The mass contains both cystic and solid components, along with areas of calcification. Based on the clinical presentation and imaging findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Teratoma. ***Teratoma*** - The presence of a **well-defined anterior mediastinal mass** with **cystic and solid components** and **calcifications** is highly characteristic of a teratoma. - Teratomas are **germ cell tumors** containing tissues derived from all three embryonic germ layers, which explains their varied composition on imaging. *Thymoma* - While thymomas are common in the **anterior mediastinum**, they typically present as **solid masses** and calcifications are less common. - They are often associated with paraneoplastic syndromes like **myasthenia gravis**, which is not mentioned in this case. *Lymphoma* - Lymphoma in the anterior mediastinum often presents as a **lobulated, homogeneous mass**, and can be associated with **lymphadenopathy** elsewhere. - While it can be large, the specific features of cystic components and calcification are less typical for lymphoma. *Bronchogenic cyst* - Bronchogenic cysts are typically **unilocular, fluid-filled cystic lesions** and are usually found in the middle mediastinum or adjacent to the trachea/main bronchi. - They rarely contain significant solid components or calcifications, unlike the described mass. [Practice more Radiology PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Identify the investigation being carried out in the image.

Accepted Answer

Barium Swallow

Answer

Fluoroscopy

Answer

X-ray after alkali ingestion

Answer

X-ray after acid ingestion

Question 2

What condition does the MRCP (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography) image indicate?

Accepted Answer

Choledochal cyst

Answer

Dilated CBD (Common Bile Duct)

Answer

Acute cholecystitis

Answer

Cholangiocarcinoma

Question 3

A patient presents with foul-smelling sputum along with breathlessness and fever. Using the X-ray below, identify the diagnosis.

Accepted Answer

Lung Abscess

Answer

Pneumothorax

Answer

Pericardial Effusion

Answer

Pleural Effusion

Question 4

What is the Diagnosis based on the CT Scan given below?

Accepted Answer

Renal polycystic kidney disease

Answer

Renal cyst

Answer

Renal tumor

Answer

Renal angiomyolipoma

Question 5

A 25-year-old male presents with chest pain and shortness of breath. A CT scan of the chest is performed, and the image provided shows a large, well-defined mass in the anterior mediastinum. The mass contains both cystic and solid components, along with areas of calcification. Based on the clinical presentation and imaging findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Teratoma

Answer

Thymoma

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Bronchogenic cyst

Question 6

An 80-year-old male with a history of frequent falls presents with progressive headache, confusion, and mild hemiparesis over the past few weeks. A CT scan of the head is performed, and the image provided shows a crescent-shaped, hypodense collection over the left cerebral hemisphere with a slight midline shift. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Chronic subdural hematoma

Answer

Acute subdural hematoma

Answer

Epidural hematoma

Answer

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Question 7

A 40-year-old male presents with a history of headaches, fever, and new-onset seizures. An MRI of the brain is performed, revealing a ring-enhancing lesion with central restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Brain abscess

Answer

Glioblastoma multiforme

Answer

Metastatic brain tumor

Answer

Toxoplasmosis

Question 8

A 45-year-old farmer presents with right upper quadrant pain and a history of exposure to livestock. An abdominal ultrasound shows a cystic lesion in the liver with internal floating membranes, described as the "Water lily sign." Based on this finding, what is the most likely Gharbi classification stage of the hydatid cyst?

Accepted Answer

Gharbi Stage III

Answer

Gharbi Stage I

Answer

Gharbi Stage II

Answer

Gharbi Stage IV

Question 9

A man presents with back pain following a road traffic accident (RTA). There is no history of neurological deficit. An X-ray of the spine is done. What is the diagnosis based on the image?

Accepted Answer

Spinous process fracture

Answer

Chance fracture

Answer

Compression fracture

Answer

Fracture of base of vertebrae

Question 10

Identify the condition shown in the given X-ray:

Accepted Answer

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Answer

Tibial tuberosity fracture

Answer

Gerdy's tubercle fracture

Answer

Lateral epicondyle of femur

NEET-PG 2024 — Radiology