NEET-PG 2024 Practice Questions

Q: A statistician wants to study the effects of a medicine in three groups-humans, animals, and plants. He then selects randomly from these three groups. Which type of sampling is being performed?

Stratified random sampling. ***Stratified random sampling*** - This method involves dividing the population into **distinct subgroups (strata)** based on shared characteristics (in this case, humans, animals, and plants), and then performing a simple random sample within each stratum. - This ensures that all subgroups are proportionally represented in the sample, which is appropriate when studying effects across different biological categories. *Simple random sampling* - This method involves selecting individuals from the entire population **purely by chance**, without first dividing them into subgroups. - It would not guarantee representation from all three distinct groups (humans, animals, and plants), which is essential for studying differential effects. *Systematic sampling* - This involves selecting samples at **regular intervals** from an ordered list or sequence. - This method is not suitable here because the population is divided into distinct, non-ordered groups rather than a continuous sequence. *Cluster sampling* - This method involves dividing the population into **clusters**, then randomly selecting some clusters and sampling all individuals within those selected clusters. - In this scenario, the initial groups (humans, animals, plants) are strata, not clusters, as the intent is to sample from within each group, not to treat the groups themselves as primary sampling units. *Convenience sampling* - This is a **non-probability sampling method** where subjects are selected based on ease of access rather than random selection. - The question explicitly states that random selection is performed from each group, ruling out convenience sampling.

Q: This instrument is used to measure which of the following?

Radiant heat. ***Radiant heat*** - The instrument shown is a **globe thermometer** (also called a black globe thermometer), which is used to measure **radiant heat** in an environment. - It consists of a thermometer bulb encased in a matte black copper sphere (typically 6 inches in diameter), designed to absorb and re-emit radiation effectively. - It is a key component in calculating the **Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index**, which assesses heat stress in occupational and environmental health settings. *Cooling power of air* - The **cooling power of air** is measured by instruments like a **katathermometer**, which assesses the combination of air temperature and air movement. - This instrument does not have the features of a katathermometer, such as the large alcohol-filled bulb and specialized scale. *Humidity* - **Humidity** is measured using a **hygrometer** or **psychrometer**, which typically involves sensing changes in materials due to moisture or comparing wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperatures. - The globe thermometer's design is not suited for directly measuring water vapor content in the air. *Temperature* - While it contains a thermometer, a **globe thermometer** measures more than just the ambient air temperature; its primary purpose is to account for the combined effect of **radiant heat, air temperature, and air velocity**. - A standard **dry-bulb thermometer** would be used for simple ambient air temperature measurement alone.

Q: Which of the following phases are directly involved in the recovery phase of the disaster cycle?

Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. ***Rehabilitation and Reconstruction*** - **Rehabilitation** is the short-term recovery phase focusing on restoring essential services, providing temporary shelter, medical care, and supporting affected populations to resume normal activities. - **Reconstruction** is the long-term recovery phase involving rebuilding damaged infrastructure, permanent housing, economic restoration, and development improvements. - These two phases together constitute the **recovery phase** of the disaster cycle according to standard disaster management frameworks (WHO, NDMA). *Mitigation and Rehabilitation* - While **rehabilitation** is correctly part of recovery, **mitigation** is traditionally considered a separate continuous phase or part of preparedness, focused on reducing future disaster risks. - **Mitigation** measures are implemented throughout the disaster cycle, not specifically as a direct component of the recovery phase. *Response and Rehabilitation* - **Response** refers to immediate life-saving actions during and immediately after a disaster (search and rescue, emergency medical care, evacuation). - **Response** precedes the recovery phase and is distinct from it, though **rehabilitation** is indeed part of recovery. *Response and Preparedness* - **Preparedness** involves planning, training, and resource allocation before a disaster occurs. - **Response** is the immediate action during/after the disaster. - Neither constitutes the recovery phase, which follows after the immediate response is complete.

Q: What does JSSK stand for?

Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram. ***Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram*** - **JSSK** is a program initiated by the Indian government to provide **free healthcare services** to pregnant women and sick neonates. - The acronym stands for **Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram**, emphasizing "Karyakram" which means program. *Janani Shishu Swasthya Karyakram* - While "Swasthya" means **health**, it is not the correct word in the official acronym for this government initiative. - The official program focuses on "Suraksha" or **safety/protection** for mother and child during childbirth and infancy. *Janani Shishu Suraksha Kendra* - "Kendra" means **center** and indicates a facility, but the program itself is broader than just a center. - The initiative is a comprehensive "Karyakram" or **program** of services, not merely a physical location. *Janani Shishu Swasthya Kendra* - This option incorrectly combines "Swasthya" (health) and "Kendra" (center), neither of which accurately reflect the full acronym. - The correct acronym uses "Suraksha" (safety/protection) and "Karyakram" (program).

Q: Identify the logo?

Leprosy. ***Leprosy*** - This logo, often featuring a stylized flower or protective shape, is widely recognized as a symbol associated with **leprosy awareness** and efforts to eradicate the disease. - Organizations dedicated to **leprosy elimination** and care frequently use similar designs to represent compassion, hope, and the journey towards healing for individuals affected by this condition. *TB* - The emblem for **tuberculosis (TB)** awareness predominantly features a **red ribbon**, which symbolizes solidarity in the fight against the disease. - While TB is a global health concern, its associated imagery differs significantly from the flower-like logo presented. *Malaria* - The international symbol for **malaria** often incorporates a stylized **mosquito** or images representing its lifecycle and geographic prevalence. - The logo displayed does not resemble any common imagery used in malaria prevention or awareness campaigns. *HIV* - The **red ribbon** is the most universally recognized symbol for **HIV/AIDS** awareness, representing solidarity with people living with HIV and those who have died from AIDS. - This specific logo does not align with the established iconography for HIV/AIDS.

Q: The formula with the numerator as maternal deaths and the denominator as women of reproductive age is used to calculate which of the following?

Maternal mortality rate. ***Maternal mortality rate*** - This formula calculates the **maternal mortality rate**, which expresses the risk of dying from pregnancy-related causes among women of reproductive age in a population. - It uses the total number of maternal deaths in the numerator and the total number of **women of reproductive age** (usually 15-49 years) in the denominator, typically multiplied by a constant (e.g., 100,000) to get a per population figure. *Maternal mortality ratio* - The **maternal mortality ratio** uses the number of **live births** (or live births plus stillbirths) in the denominator, not women of reproductive age. - It measures the risk of maternal death per 100,000 live births, reflecting the obstetric risk associated with each pregnancy. *Perinatal mortality rate* - The **perinatal mortality rate** relates to deaths of fetuses and newborns (typically from 22 weeks gestation up to 7 days after birth), not maternal deaths. - Its numerator includes **fetal deaths** and **early neonatal deaths**, and the denominator is usually total births (live births + stillbirths). *Perinatal mortality ratio* - This term is less commonly used as a distinct epidemiological measure; typically, the term **perinatal mortality rate** encompasses both the frequency of perinatal deaths relative to total births. - It does not involve maternal deaths or women of reproductive age in its calculation.

Q: Identify the index?

Human developmental index. ***Human developmental index*** - The **Human Development Index (HDI)** is the correct answer as the diagram exactly represents its three core dimensions - HDI measures overall achievement in: **Health** (life expectancy at birth), **Education** (mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling), and **Living standards** (GNI per capita) - These are the standard components published by UNDP for calculating HDI - HDI is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development *Human poverty index* - The Human Poverty Index (HPI) was an older measure that has been discontinued - HPI focused on deprivations rather than overall development achievements - The diagram shows development indicators (positive achievements), not deprivation indicators - HPI has been replaced by the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) *POLI* - **POLI** (Physical Quality of Life Index) is a different index that uses infant mortality, life expectancy at age one, and literacy rate - The components shown in the diagram (mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, GNI per capita) are not part of POLI - This is not a recognized standard index in current use *Multidimensional poverty index* - The **Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)** measures acute multidimensional poverty across health, education, and living standards - However, MPI uses **different specific indicators**: nutrition, child mortality, years of schooling, school attendance, cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, housing, and assets - The diagram shows HDI components (life expectancy, mean/expected years of schooling, GNI per capita), which are NOT the MPI indicators - MPI focuses on deprivations at the household level, while the diagram shows aggregate development measures

Q: Which of the following is not a component of Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)?

Gross National Product. ***Correct: Gross National Product*** - **Gross National Product (GNP)** is an economic indicator and is not included in the PQLI. - The PQLI specifically aims to measure well-being using social, not economic, indicators. *Incorrect: Life expectancy at 1 year* - **Life expectancy at 1 year of age** is a core component of the PQLI, reflecting health and living conditions. - It assesses the average number of years a child is expected to live past their first birthday. *Incorrect: Literacy rate* - The **adult literacy rate** is a key component of the PQLI, indicating the level of education and human development. - It measures the percentage of people aged 15 and above who can read and write. *Incorrect: Infant mortality rate* - **Infant mortality rate (IMR)** is another essential component of the PQLI, mirroring the health status of a population. - It represents the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.

Q: The Black Line in the demographic cycle represents:

Death rate. ***Death rate*** - In a demographic cycle graph, the **black line** conventionally represents the **death rate**, showing its changes over different stages. - The death rate typically declines before the birth rate in the demographic transition model. *Birth rate* - The **birth rate** is usually represented by a **different colored line** (e.g., green or blue) in demographic cycle graphs. - The birth rate tends to remain high for longer periods before experiencing a significant decline. *Growth Rate* - The **growth rate** is derived from the difference between the birth rate and the death rate, and it is not directly represented by a single line showing births or deaths. - A separate line or calculation often shows the **natural increase** (births minus deaths). *Demographic gap* - The **demographic gap** refers to the period during which the birth rate remains high while the death rate has already declined significantly, leading to rapid population growth. - It is an **outcome of the difference** between birth and death rates, not a direct representation of either curve.

Q: A pregnant lady delivers a healthy baby via normal delivery. What is the earliest time at which an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) can be inserted?

Within 48 hours. ***Within 48 hours*** - **Immediate postpartum insertion** (within 48 hours of delivery) is considered safe and effective, with high client satisfaction and continuation rates. - While there's a slightly higher risk of **expulsion** compared to later insertions, it provides immediate contraception for women who might not return for follow-up. *After 6 weeks* - This is a common time for postpartum check-ups and a traditional window for IUCD insertion, after the uterus has largely involuted. - However, it is not the **earliest possible time**, as immediate postpartum insertion is also an option. *After 3 months* - Delaying IUCD insertion until three months postpartum is unnecessarily late if the woman desires contraception sooner. - This longer delay could increase the risk of an **unintended pregnancy** during the interim. *After 1 month* - Insertion at one month postpartum is also a safe option, after early uterine involution. - However, similar to the six-week option, it is not the **earliest possible time** for insertion.

Question 1

A statistician wants to study the effects of a medicine in three groups-humans, animals, and plants. He then selects randomly from these three groups. Which type of sampling is being performed?

Accepted Answer

Stratified random sampling

Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Systematic sampling

Answer

Cluster sampling

Answer

Convenience sampling

Question 2

This instrument is used to measure which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Radiant heat

Answer

Cooling power of air

Answer

Humidity

Answer

Temperature

Question 3

Which of the following phases are directly involved in the recovery phase of the disaster cycle?

Accepted Answer

Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

Answer

Response and Rehabilitation

Answer

Mitigation and Rehabilitation

Answer

Response and Preparedness

Question 4

What does JSSK stand for?

Accepted Answer

Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram

Answer

Janani Shishu Swasthya Karyakram

Answer

Janani Shishu Suraksha Kendra

Answer

Janani Shishu Swasthya Kendra

Question 5

Identify the logo?

Accepted Answer

Leprosy

Answer

TB

Answer

Malaria

Answer

HIV

Question 6

The formula with the numerator as maternal deaths and the denominator as women of reproductive age is used to calculate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Maternal mortality rate

Answer

Maternal mortality ratio

Answer

Perinatal mortality rate

Answer

Perinatal mortality ratio

Question 7

Identify the index?

Accepted Answer

Human developmental index

Answer

POLI

Answer

Human poverty index

Answer

Multidimensional poverty index

Question 8

Which of the following is not a component of Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)?

Accepted Answer

Gross National Product

Answer

Life expectancy at 1 year

Answer

Literacy rate

Answer

Infant mortality rate

Question 9

The Black Line in the demographic cycle represents:

Accepted Answer

Death rate

Answer

Birth rate

Answer

Growth Rate

Answer

Demographic gap

Question 10

A pregnant lady delivers a healthy baby via normal delivery. What is the earliest time at which an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) can be inserted?

Accepted Answer

Within 48 hours

Answer

After 6 weeks

Answer

After 3 months

Answer

After 1 month

NEET-PG 2024

Biostatistics

Community Medicine

Obstetrics and Gynecology