NEET-PG 2019 - Pediatrics PYQs Practice Questions

Q: A baby born at 34 weeks gestation weighs 3kg. Which of the following conditions is this child most likely to develop in the immediate postnatal period?

Anemia. ***Anemia*** - A 3kg baby at 34 weeks is **large for gestational age (LGA)** and often associated with maternal diabetes, leading to initial **polycythemia** due to chronic intrauterine hypoxia and increased erythropoietin production. - After birth, the excess red blood cells undergo rapid **hemolysis**, resulting in **anemia** in the immediate postnatal period as a recognized complication of LGA babies. *APH* - **Antepartum hemorrhage (APH)** is a maternal obstetric complication involving bleeding before delivery, not a condition that develops in the newborn. - This is a **maternal complication** that occurs during pregnancy, not a neonatal condition that the baby would present with after birth. *Diabetes* - While **maternal diabetes** is often the cause of fetal macrosomia, the newborn does not develop diabetes itself in the immediate postnatal period. - These babies are instead at risk for **hypoglycemia**, **respiratory distress**, and **polycythemia** due to fetal hyperinsulinemia, but not diabetes as a presenting condition. *None of the options* - This is incorrect because **anemia** is indeed a valid condition that LGA babies can develop through the **polycythemia-hemolysis cycle**. - While other complications like **hypoglycemia** are more statistically common, anemia remains a recognized sequela among LGA babies in the immediate postnatal period. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Bimanual grip is seen at what age?

6 months. ***6 months*** - **Bimanual grip**, which involves using both hands to grasp an object, typically develops around **6 months of age**. - This milestone marks the ability to bring objects to the midline and use both hands cooperatively. *4 months* - At **4 months**, infants typically start to reach for objects with one hand but do not yet consistently demonstrate a coordinated **bimanual grip**. - They are more likely to swipe at objects or grasp with a **primitive palmar grasp** in one hand. *5 months* - While infants at **5 months** show increasing dexterity and may bring objects to the midline, a full, consistent **bimanual grip** is usually not yet firmly established. - They are moving towards this skill but have not fully mastered it. *7 months* - By **7 months**, infants have typically refined their grasping skills, including transferring objects from hand to hand and using a **bimanual grip**. - This age is usually past the initial emergence of this specific skill. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the definition of severe acute malnutrition according to WHO criteria?

Weight for height less than -3 SD. ***Weight for height less than -3 SD*** - According to the **WHO criteria**, severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is defined by a **weight-for-height Z-score below -3 standard deviations (SD)**. - Other indicators of SAM include a **mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) less than 115 mm** or the presence of **bilateral pitting edema**. *Weight for age less than -2 SD* - **Weight-for-age below -2 SD** is an indicator of **underweight**, but does not specifically define severe acute malnutrition. - This measure reflects a combination of acute and chronic malnutrition and is insufficient alone to diagnose SAM. *Weight for height less than -2 SD* - **Weight-for-height below -2 SD** signifies **moderate acute malnutrition (MAM)**, not severe acute malnutrition. - This indicates wasting but is not as critical as the -3 SD threshold for SAM. *Weight for age less than -3 SD* - While a low weight-for-age indicates malnutrition, the **-3 SD threshold for weight-for-age** is more indicative of **severe underweight** (a type of chronic malnutrition) rather than specifically severe acute malnutrition, which is primarily characterized by **wasting (low weight-for-height)**. - This measure does not distinguish acute wasting from chronic growth faltering as precisely as weight-for-height. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A 2-year-old boy weighing 12 kg is diagnosed with vitamin A deficiency. What is the recommended oral dose of vitamin A for him?

200,000 I.U.. ***200,000 I.U.*** - According to **WHO guidelines**, for children aged **12 months and older** with vitamin A deficiency, the recommended oral dose is **200,000 I.U.** - This dose is given immediately upon diagnosis, repeated the next day, and a third dose is given 2-4 weeks later. - Since this child is **2 years old**, he falls into the ≥12 months category requiring 200,000 I.U. *100,000 I.U.* - A dose of **100,000 I.U.** is recommended for infants aged **6-11 months** with vitamin A deficiency. - This child is 2 years old, making 100,000 I.U. an insufficient dose for his age group. *50,000 I.U.* - A dose of **50,000 I.U.** is recommended for infants **younger than 6 months** diagnosed with vitamin A deficiency. - This dose is too low for a 2-year-old child. *150,000 I.U.* - **150,000 I.U.** is not a standard WHO-recommended dose for vitamin A deficiency treatment in any pediatric age group. - This is an incorrect dosing option. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Most characteristic cardiovascular defect seen in Rubella-

Patent ductus arteriosus. ***Patent ductus arteriosus*** - **Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)** is the most characteristic cardiovascular defect associated with congenital rubella syndrome [1]. - The rubella virus can interfere with the normal closure of the **ductus arteriosus** during fetal development [1]. *Coarctation of the aorta* - **Coarctation of the aorta** is a narrowing of the aorta and is not typically linked to congenital rubella syndrome [1]. - It is often associated with syndromes like **Turner syndrome** or bicuspid aortic valve, which are not mentioned here [1]. *Ventricular septal defect* - **Ventricular septal defects (VSDs)** are common congenital heart defects, but they are not specifically characteristic of congenital rubella [1]. - VSDs are more frequently associated with conditions like **Down syndrome** or can occur in isolation [1]. *Pulmonary artery stenosis* - While **pulmonary artery stenosis** can occur as a congenital heart defect, it is less commonly the primary cardiovascular manifestation of congenital rubella syndrome. - **Peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis** can be seen in rubella, but PDA is the most characteristic overarching defect [1]. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

A baby born at 34 weeks gestation weighs 3kg. Which of the following conditions is this child most likely to develop in the immediate postnatal period?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Answer

APH

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

None of the options

Question 2

Bimanual grip is seen at what age?

Accepted Answer

6 months

Answer

5 months

Answer

7 months

Answer

4 months

Question 3

What is the definition of severe acute malnutrition according to WHO criteria?

Accepted Answer

Weight for height less than -3 SD

Answer

Weight for age less than -2 SD

Answer

Weight for height less than -2 SD

Answer

Weight for age less than -3 SD

Question 4

A 2-year-old boy weighing 12 kg is diagnosed with vitamin A deficiency. What is the recommended oral dose of vitamin A for him?

Accepted Answer

200,000 I.U.

Answer

50,000 I.U.

Answer

100,000 I.U.

Answer

150,000 I.U.

Question 5

Most characteristic cardiovascular defect seen in Rubella-

Accepted Answer

Patent ductus arteriosus

Answer

Coarctation of the aorta

Answer

Ventricular septal defect

Answer

Pulmonary artery stenosis

Question 6

What should be the correct treatment for a 14-year-old child with newly diagnosed Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Accepted Answer

DMARDs with a short course of steroids

Answer

Only NSAIDs

Answer

DMARDs after initial treatment with NSAIDs

Answer

Monotherapy with TNF inhibitors

Answer

Long-term high-dose corticosteroid therapy

Question 7

Fast breathing in a 6-month-old infant is taken as:

Accepted Answer

>50 breaths/min

Answer

>30 breaths/min

Answer

>60 breaths/min

Answer

>40 breaths/min

Question 8

Which among the following is NOT part of the classic clinical triad of necrotizing enterocolitis?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Answer

Bloody stools

Answer

Pneumatosis intestinalis

Answer

Abdominal distension

Question 9

Congenital Rubella Syndrome includes all except

Accepted Answer

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer

SN deafness

Answer

Cataract

Answer

VSD

Question 10

Which of the following is most specific for congenital Rubella syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Triad of CRS are cataract, cardiac defects, sensorineural deafness

Answer

Blueberry muffin rash is seen

Answer

Infection is most serious in the first trimester of pregnancy

Answer

Virus can be isolated up to 12 months after birth

NEET-PG 2019 — Pediatrics