NEET-PG 2015 Practice Questions

Q: What is the limiting amino acid in cereals?

Lysine. ***Lysine*** - **Lysine** is the **first limiting amino acid in cereals** (wheat, rice, corn), meaning it is present in the lowest proportion relative to the body's needs. - This deficiency can impact **protein synthesis** if cereals are the sole or primary protein source without supplementation. - Complementing cereals with **legumes** (rich in lysine but low in methionine) provides complete protein nutrition. *Methionine* - **Methionine** is typically the limiting amino acid in **legumes**, not cereals. - It works with cysteine to provide **sulfur-containing amino acids** essential for various metabolic processes. - This is why cereal-legume combinations (rice and lentils, corn and beans) are nutritionally complementary. *Tryptophan* - **Tryptophan** is an essential amino acid, but it is generally **not the primary limiting amino acid in cereals**. - While corn can be relatively low in tryptophan, **lysine deficiency is more significant** across cereal grains. - It is a precursor to **serotonin** and **niacin**. *Cysteine* - **Cysteine** is a non-essential amino acid, meaning the body can synthesize it from methionine. - While important for protein structure and function, it is **not considered a limiting amino acid** since it can be produced endogenously.

Q: Which nutrient is lost maximally in polished rice?

Thiamine. ***Thiamine*** - **Polishing rice** removes the outer layers (bran and germ), which are rich in **thiamine (vitamin B1)**. - Significant loss of thiamine can lead to **beriberi**, characterized by neurological and cardiovascular symptoms. *Proteins* - While some protein is lost during milling, the primary nutritional loss in polished rice is not protein. - The germ and aleurone layer contain some protein, but the main carbohydrate-rich endosperm remains. *Ascorbic acid* - **Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)** is not a significant nutrient in rice, so its loss during polishing is negligible. - Rice is not a primary dietary source of vitamin C. *Calcitriol* - **Calcitriol** is the active form of **vitamin D**, and rice does not naturally contain vitamin D. - Therefore, it cannot be lost during the polishing process.

Q: Vanaspati Ghee is fortified with ?

Vitamin A. ***Vitamin A*** - **Vanaspati Ghee** is commonly fortified with **Vitamin A** to improve its nutritional value and address deficiencies. - Fortification helps to combat **Vitamin A deficiency disorders**, such as **night blindness**. *Iodine* - **Iodine** is typically used to fortify **table salt** to prevent **goiter** and **iodine deficiency disorders**. - It is not commonly added to Vanaspati Ghee. *Iron* - **Iron** is commonly used to fortify foods like **flour** and **cereals** to combat **anemia**. - Vanaspati Ghee is not a common vehicle for iron fortification. *Calcium* - **Calcium** is often added to dairy products or certain beverages to support **bone health**. - It is not a standard fortification for Vanaspati Ghee.

Q: How often is Village Health and Nutrition Day (VHND) observed?

Once a month. ***Once a month*** - Village Health and Nutrition Day (VHND) is typically observed on a **fixed day each month** to provide essential health and nutrition services at the community level. - This regular schedule ensures consistent access to services like **immunization**, **antenatal care**, and **health education** for rural populations. *Every week* - Observing VHND every week would be a **logistical challenge** given the resources and personnel required for comprehensive service delivery. - Most community-level health programs are not designed for weekly, full-scale events due to the **intensive resource allocation** involved. *Every 6 months* - A frequency of every six months would be **insufficient** to address the ongoing health and nutrition needs of the community, especially for routine immunizations and growth monitoring. - Many public health interventions require more frequent contact to be effective in **preventing disease** and **promoting health**. *Every year* - An annual observation of VHND would be **highly inadequate** for managing public health programs, as it would miss critical windows for interventions like timely immunizations and growth assessments for infants and children. - Annual events are generally reserved for specific campaigns or assessments, not for broad, routine health service delivery.

Q: Protein quality assessment is best done by?

NPU. ***NPU*** - **Net Protein Utilization (NPU)** is considered the best method for assessing protein quality because it measures the percentage of ingested protein that is actually retained and utilized by the body. - It accounts for both the **digestibility** of the protein and the **biological value** of the absorbed amino acids, providing a comprehensive assessment. *Biological value* - **Biological Value (BV)** measures the proportion of absorbed protein from food that becomes incorporated into proteins in the organism's body. - While important, BV does not account for the **digestibility** of the protein, meaning some protein may not be absorbed even if its amino acid profile is excellent. *Digestibility coefficient* - The **digestibility coefficient** measures the proportion of food protein that is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. - It only reflects the extent of **absorption** and does not provide information about how efficiently the absorbed amino acids are utilized once inside the body for protein synthesis. *Amino acid score* - The **amino acid score** compares the amino acid profile of a test protein with the amino acid requirements of humans. - This score identifies the **limiting amino acid** but does not factor in the protein's digestibility or how effectively the absorbed amino acids are used by the body.

Q: What is the caloric requirement for an adult male engaged in heavy physical work?

3500 kcal/d. ***3500 kcal/d*** - Adult males engaged in **heavy physical work** have significantly higher energy demands due to increased **metabolic expenditure**. - This level of caloric intake is necessary to support physical activity, maintain muscle mass, and prevent weight loss in individuals with demanding occupations. *2000 kcal/d* - This caloric intake is typically recommended for adult females who are **sedentary** or for adult males engaging in light activity, which is insufficient for heavy physical work. - It would likely lead to a **caloric deficit** and weight loss for an individual performing heavy labor. *2500 kcal/d* - This level of intake is more appropriate for moderately active adult males, but it would often be **insufficient** for those performing heavy physical work. - Individuals engaged in heavy labor require additional energy to fuel their intense activities to maintain **energy balance**. *3000 kcal/d* - While a higher intake, 3000 kcal/d might still be **borderline** or insufficient for an adult male engaged in very heavy or sustained physical work. - This value might be appropriate for moderately heavy work, but heavy work often necessitates an even higher **caloric intake** to meet energy demands.

Q: Skin fold thickness is measured in all of the following places, EXCEPT:

Suprapubic. ***Suprapubic*** - The **suprapubic** region is not a standard site for measuring **skinfold thickness** in body composition assessment. - Skinfold measurements are typically taken from areas with subcutaneous fat that are easily accessible and standardized. *Mid triceps* - The **mid-triceps** is a common and important site for measuring skinfold thickness due to its relatively consistent subcutaneous fat distribution. - It is used to estimate total body fat and is a good indicator of **nutritional status**. *Biceps* - The **biceps** region is also a recognized site for skinfold thickness measurements, providing data on upper arm subcutaneous fat. - It is often measured alongside the triceps to give a more comprehensive picture of fat distribution in the arm. *Suprailiac* - The **suprailiac** region, located just above the iliac crest, is a standard site for skinfold measurements. - This site is particularly useful for assessing abdominal fat and is included in many body composition models.

Q: Which of the following statements about pathogenic mosquitoes is correct?

Anopheles mosquitoes are known for transmitting malaria.. ***Correct: Anopheles mosquitoes are known for transmitting malaria.*** - **Anopheles mosquitoes** are the **primary and only vectors** for **malaria**, a parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. - They transmit the parasite through their **saliva** when they bite humans, typically during **dusk and dawn**. - This is the most significant pathogenic association among the options. *Incorrect: Mansonia mosquitoes lay their eggs in rafts.* - **Mansonia mosquitoes** lay their eggs in **clusters attached to underwater parts of aquatic plants**, not in rafts. - **Culex mosquitoes** are the ones that lay their eggs in **raft-like formations** on water surfaces. *Incorrect: Culex mosquitoes are primarily vectors for West Nile virus.* - While **Culex mosquitoes** can transmit West Nile virus, in the **Indian context** they are primarily known as vectors for **lymphatic filariasis** (Wuchereria bancrofti) and **Japanese encephalitis**. - West Nile virus is more relevant in Western countries and is not the primary disease association for Culex in India. *Incorrect: Aedes mosquitoes are known for their distinctive black and white striped markings.* - While **Aedes aegypti** and **Aedes albopictus** do have **black and white striped markings**, this is a **morphological characteristic** rather than a primary **pathogenic association**. - The question asks about pathogenic mosquitoes, and Aedes is better characterized by its **disease transmission** (dengue, Zika, chikungunya, yellow fever) rather than its appearance. - As a pathogenic mosquito, its **daytime biting behavior** and **urban breeding habits** are more relevant than its markings.

Q: Which of the following statements about Culex larvae is correct?

Siphon tube present. ***Siphon tube present*** - **Culex larvae** possess a prominent **siphon tube** at their posterior end, which is used for breathing by extending to the water surface. - This **siphon tube** is a key morphological feature that helps distinguish them from *Anopheles* larvae. *Rest parallel to surface water* - **Anopheles larvae** typically rest parallel to the water surface because they lack a long siphon and obtain oxygen directly through spiracles on their dorsal surface. - **Culex larvae**, due to their siphon tube, hang head-down at an angle from the water surface. *Long Palmate hair* - **Palmate hairs** are characteristic structures found on the abdomen of **Anopheles larvae** that help them float horizontally at the water surface. - **Culex larvae** do not possess well-developed palmate hairs. *All are false* - This statement is incorrect because the presence of a **siphon tube** is a defining characteristic of **Culex larvae**.

Q: Which of the following statements about the differences between human milk and cow milk is NOT true?

Cow milk has comparatively more fat than human milk.. ***Cow milk has comparatively more fat than human milk.*** - This statement is **incorrect** and is the answer to this "NOT true" question. Human milk generally has a **higher fat content** (3.5-4.5 g/100mL) than cow milk (~3.5 g/100mL), which is crucial for the rapid neurological development of infants. - The fat in human milk is also more **bioavailable** due to the presence of lipases, aiding digestion and absorption. - Human milk contains essential **long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs)** like DHA and ARA that support brain and retinal development. *Cow milk has comparatively more protein than human milk.* - This statement is **true**. Cow milk contains significantly **more protein** (~3.3 g/100mL) compared to human milk (~1.0 g/100mL), particularly **casein protein**. - While more protein might seem beneficial, the higher protein load in cow milk is harder for an **infant's immature kidneys** to process and increases renal solute load. *Cow milk has comparatively more calcium than human milk.* - This statement is **true**. Cow milk contains approximately **120 mg/100mL calcium** compared to human milk which has about **30 mg/100mL**. - However, the **bioavailability** of calcium and the optimal calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in human milk favor better absorption despite the lower absolute amount. *Cow milk has comparatively more casein than human milk.* - This statement is **true**. Cow milk has a **casein-to-whey ratio of 80:20**, while human milk has a ratio of approximately **40:60** (more whey). - The predominance of whey proteins in human milk makes it easier to digest, forming softer curds in the infant's stomach.

Question 1

What is the limiting amino acid in cereals?

Accepted Answer

Lysine

Answer

Methionine

Answer

Tryptophan

Answer

Cysteine

Question 2

Which nutrient is lost maximally in polished rice?

Accepted Answer

Thiamine

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Ascorbic acid

Answer

Calcitriol

Question 3

Vanaspati Ghee is fortified with ?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Iodine

Answer

Iron

Answer

Calcium

Question 4

How often is Village Health and Nutrition Day (VHND) observed?

Accepted Answer

Once a month

Answer

Every 6 months

Answer

Every week

Answer

Every year

Question 5

Protein quality assessment is best done by?

Accepted Answer

NPU

Answer

Biological value

Answer

Amino acid score

Answer

Digestibility coefficient

Question 6

What is the caloric requirement for an adult male engaged in heavy physical work?

Accepted Answer

3500 kcal/d

Answer

2000 kcal/d

Answer

2500 kcal/d

Answer

3000 kcal/d

Question 7

Skin fold thickness is measured in all of the following places, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Suprapubic

Answer

Mid triceps

Answer

Biceps

Answer

Suprailiac

Question 8

Which of the following statements about pathogenic mosquitoes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Anopheles mosquitoes are known for transmitting malaria.

Answer

Mansonia mosquitoes lay their eggs in rafts.

Answer

Culex mosquitoes are primarily vectors for West Nile virus.

Answer

Aedes mosquitoes are known for their distinctive black and white striped markings.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about Culex larvae is correct?

Accepted Answer

Siphon tube present

Answer

Rest parallel to surface water

Answer

Long Palmate hair

Answer

All are false

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the differences between human milk and cow milk is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Cow milk has comparatively more fat than human milk.

Answer

Cow milk has comparatively more protein than human milk.

Answer

Cow milk has comparatively more calcium than human milk.

Answer

Cow milk has comparatively more casein than human milk.

NEET-PG 2015

Biochemistry

Community Medicine

Pediatrics