Anatomy
9 questionsTeres minor is supplied by
Gastrosplenic ligament contains ?
Which of the following muscles is contained in the superficial perineal space?
Root value of the thoracodorsal nerve
Which of the following is NOT a component of the spermatic cord?
Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the:
Which nerve roots are primarily involved in Erb's palsy?
Which of the following structures does NOT pass through the deep inguinal ring?
Which of the following statements about the blood supply of the kidney is NOT true?
NEET-PG 2015 - Anatomy NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 71: Teres minor is supplied by
- A. Suprascapular nerve
- B. Lower subscapular nerve
- C. Thoracodorsal nerve
- D. Axillary nerve (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Axillary nerve*** - The **axillary nerve** (C5-C6) innervates both the **teres minor** and the **deltoid muscle**. - It arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and traverses the quadrangular space. *Suprascapular nerve* - The **suprascapular nerve** (C5-C6) primarily supplies the **supraspinatus** and **infraspinatus** muscles. - It plays a crucial role in shoulder abduction and external rotation, but not directly in teres minor function. *Lower subscapular nerve* - The **lower subscapular nerve** (C5-C6) innervates the **subscapularis muscle** and **teres major**. - Teres major and teres minor are anatomically adjacent but have different innervations and functions. *Thoracodorsal nerve* - The **thoracodorsal nerve** (C6-C8) innervates the **latissimus dorsi muscle** [1]. - This nerve is distinct from those supplying the rotator cuff muscles, including teres minor.
Question 72: Gastrosplenic ligament contains ?
- A. Splenic vessels
- B. Tail of pancreas
- C. Short gastric artery (Correct Answer)
- D. Portal vein
Explanation: ***Short gastric artery*** - The **short gastric arteries** are branches of the **splenic artery** and supply the **fundus** and upper part of the **greater curvature** of the stomach. - These vessels travel within the **gastrosplenic ligament** (or gastrosplenic omentum), connecting the greater curvature of the stomach to the hilum of the spleen [1]. *Splenic vessels* - The **splenic artery** and **vein** primarily travel within the **splenorenal ligament** (or lienorenal ligament), connecting the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall. - These major vessels supply and drain the spleen itself, not typically running within the gastrosplenic ligament [1]. *Tail of pancreas* - The **tail of the pancreas** is typically located within the **splenorenal ligament**, closely associated with the **hilum of the spleen** [1]. - It does not extend into the gastrosplenic ligament, which connects the stomach to the spleen. *Portal vein* - The **portal vein** is a major vessel formed by the confluence of the **splenic vein** and **superior mesenteric vein**, and it is located in the **hepatoduodenal ligament** (part of the lesser omentum) along with the hepatic artery and common bile duct. - This vessel is far removed from the gastrosplenic ligament, which is situated between the stomach and spleen.
Question 73: Which of the following muscles is contained in the superficial perineal space?
- A. Sphincter urethrae muscle
- B. Deep transverse perinei muscle
- C. Bulbourethral gland
- D. Ischiocavernosus muscle (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Ischiocavernosus muscle*** - This muscle is located in the **superficial perineal space** and is the correct answer - Arises from the **ischial tuberosity** and surrounds the crus of the corpus cavernosum - Functions in maintaining **penile/clitoral erection** by compressing the crus and impeding venous return - Other muscles in the superficial perineal space include **bulbospongiosus** and **superficial transverse perinei** *Sphincter urethrae muscle* - Located in the **deep perineal space**, not superficial - Part of the urogenital diaphragm - Provides **voluntary control of urination** - Innervated by the pudendal nerve (S2-S4) *Deep transverse perinei muscle* - Also located in the **deep perineal space** - Forms part of the urogenital diaphragm along with sphincter urethrae - Contributes to pelvic floor support and **urinary continence** *Bulbourethral gland* - This is a **gland, not a muscle**, making it an incorrect choice on two counts - Located in the **deep perineal space** in males (Cowper's glands) - Secretes pre-ejaculate fluid that lubricates the urethra - This option tests both anatomical knowledge and ability to distinguish structure types
Question 74: Root value of the thoracodorsal nerve
- A. C6, C7, C8 (Correct Answer)
- B. T1, T2
- C. C5, C6, C7
- D. C6, T1
Explanation: ***C6, C7, C8*** - The **thoracodorsal nerve**, also known as the middle subscapular nerve, originates from the **posterior cord of the brachial plexus**. - Its specific root values are **C6, C7, and C8**, which supply motor innervation to the **latissimus dorsi muscle** [1]. - This nerve is one of the three subscapular nerves arising from the posterior cord [1]. *C5, C6, C7* - While these roots contribute to the **posterior cord**, the thoracodorsal nerve specifically arises from **C6, C7, C8**. - **C5** primarily contributes to the **upper and middle trunk** and is more associated with nerves like the **suprascapular** and **axillary nerves**. *C6, T1* - These root values contribute to various nerves of the **brachial plexus**, but not specifically the thoracodorsal nerve. - **T1** contributes mainly to the **medial cord** and its branches like the **ulnar nerve**, not the posterior cord from which the thoracodorsal nerve arises. *T1, T2* - These are typical root values for **intercostal nerves** and contribute to the **sympathetic trunk**, not the **brachial plexus** or its branches like the thoracodorsal nerve. - The brachial plexus predominantly arises from **C5 to T1 spinal nerve roots**, and **T2** is not part of the brachial plexus.
Question 75: Which of the following is NOT a component of the spermatic cord?
- A. Poupart's ligament (Correct Answer)
- B. Genito-femoral nerve
- C. Vas deferens
- D. Pampiniform plexus
Explanation: ***Poupart's ligament*** - **Poupart's ligament**, also known as the **inguinal ligament**, is a fibrous band extending from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle and forms the **inferior boundary of the inguinal canal**. - It is a boundary structure of the inguinal canal but is **not contained within the spermatic cord** itself [1]. *Genito-femoral nerve* - The **genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve** passes through the inguinal canal and supplies the **cremaster muscle** and scrotal skin [1]. - While it accompanies the spermatic cord through the canal, it is **not traditionally listed as a component of the spermatic cord** in standard anatomical classification, though some sources may include it [1]. *Vas deferens* - The **vas deferens** (ductus deferens) is a thick muscular tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. - It is a **primary structural component of the spermatic cord** and is the most prominent palpable structure within it. *Pampiniform plexus* - The **pampiniform plexus** is a network of 8-12 veins that surrounds the testicular artery within the spermatic cord. - This venous plexus provides a **countercurrent heat exchange mechanism** for thermoregulation of the testes and is a major component of the spermatic cord.
Question 76: Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the:
- A. Internal oblique muscle
- B. Transverse abdominis aponeurosis
- C. External oblique aponeurosis (Correct Answer)
- D. Internal oblique aponeurosis
Explanation: ***External oblique aponeurosis*** - The **superficial inguinal ring** is a triangular opening in the **aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle** [1]. - It allows passage of the **spermatic cord** in males and the **round ligament of the uterus** in females. *Transverse abdominis aponeurosis* - The **transverse abdominis aponeurosis** contributes to the posterior wall of the **inguinal canal**, but not the superficial inguinal ring itself [2]. - The deepest abdominal muscle, its aponeurosis forms the **conjoint tendon** with the internal oblique aponeurosis. *Internal oblique muscle* - The **internal oblique muscle** forms the arching roof and part of the anterior wall of the **inguinal canal** [2]. - Its aponeurosis contributes to the **conjoint tendon** and the falx inguinalis. *Internal oblique aponeurosis* - The **internal oblique aponeurosis** is part of the anterior wall and forms the conjoint tendon with the transverse abdominis aponeurosis [2]. - This aponeurosis does not form the superficial inguinal ring; instead, it is found deeper to the external oblique aponeurosis.
Question 77: Which nerve roots are primarily involved in Erb's palsy?
- A. C5, C6 (Correct Answer)
- B. C4, C5
- C. C5, C7
- D. C6, C8
Explanation: C5, C6 - **Erb's palsy** primarily involves injury to the **upper trunk of the brachial plexus**, which is formed by the ventral rami of **C5 and C6** spinal nerves. - This lesion results in a characteristic "waiter's tip" posture due to paralysis of muscles supplied by these nerve roots, including the **deltoid**, **biceps**, and **brachialis**. *C4, C5* - While C5 is involved, **C4** is typically associated with the **phrenic nerve** and diaphragm function, and its primary involvement is not characteristic of Erb's palsy. - Injury to C4 and C5 alone would not produce the comprehensive motor deficits seen in Erb's palsy involving shoulder and elbow flexion. *C5, C7* - This option includes C5 but also **C7**, which is more commonly associated with the **middle trunk** of the brachial plexus. - While C7 can be involved in extended brachial plexus injuries, its primary involvement alone is not the classic presentation of Erb's palsy. *C6, C8* - This combination includes C6 but introduces **C8**, which is part of the **lower trunk** of the brachial plexus. - Injuries involving C8 and T1 are characteristic of **Klumpke's palsy**, affecting intrinsic hand muscles and causing a "claw hand" deformity, which is distinct from Erb's palsy.
Question 78: Which of the following structures does NOT pass through the deep inguinal ring?
- A. Spermatic cord
- B. Internal spermatic fascia
- C. Round ligament
- D. Ilioinguinal nerve (Correct Answer)
Explanation: The ilioinguinal nerve typically passes through the superficial inguinal ring but does not travel through the deep inguinal ring [1]. It lies in the inguinal canal, superficial to the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament in females [1]. The spermatic cord in males enters the inguinal canal through the deep inguinal ring [2]. It contains structures like the vas deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, and nerves. The internal spermatic fascia is a covering of the spermatic cord that originates from the transversalis fascia at the deep inguinal ring [2]. In females, the round ligament of the uterus is the homologous structure to the spermatic cord in males, and it passes through the deep inguinal ring to enter the inguinal canal. It helps maintain the anteversion of the uterus.
Question 79: Which of the following statements about the blood supply of the kidney is NOT true?
- A. Right renal artery passes behind IVC
- B. Branches of renal artery are end arteries
- C. Renal vein drains into IVC
- D. Renal artery is a branch of common iliac artery (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Renal artery is a branch of common iliac artery.*** - The **renal arteries** originate directly from the **abdominal aorta**, not the common iliac arteries. - The common iliac arteries branch subsequently from the **abdominal aorta** lower down to supply the pelvis and lower limbs. *Renal vein drains into IVC* - The **renal veins** are responsible for draining deoxygenated blood from the kidneys and typically empty directly into the **inferior vena cava (IVC)** [1]. - This is a correct anatomical relationship, essential for returning filtered blood to systemic circulation. *Right renal artery passes behind IVC* - The **right renal artery** typically originates from the aorta and passes **posterior to the inferior vena cava (IVC)** to reach the right kidney. - This anatomical arrangement is correct due to the position of the aorta and IVC relative to the kidneys. *Branches of renal artery are end arteries* - The intralobar and interlobar branches of the renal artery are considered **functional end arteries**, meaning they provide the sole blood supply to the kidney segments they perfuse. - This characteristic makes the kidney particularly susceptible to **ischemic damage** if these arteries are occluded, as there is little to no collateral circulation.
Surgery
1 questionsWhich of the following statements is true about branchial cysts?
NEET-PG 2015 - Surgery NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 71: Which of the following statements is true about branchial cysts?
- A. Branchial cysts are more common in males than females.
- B. They mostly arise from the second branchial cleft. (Correct Answer)
- C. Surgical intervention is not always necessary.
- D. They can cause dysphagia and hoarseness if infected.
Explanation: ***They mostly arise from the second branchial cleft.*** - **Second branchial cleft cysts** are the most common type, accounting for approximately **95%** of all branchial anomalies. - They typically present as a smooth, fluctuant mass along the **anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle** at the junction of the upper and middle third of the neck. - These cysts result from **incomplete obliteration** of the second branchial cleft during embryonic development. *Branchial cysts are more common in males than females.* - Branchial cysts have **no significant sex predilection**, affecting males and females with roughly equal frequency. - The overall incidence is relatively rare, with most cases presenting in late childhood or early adulthood. *Surgical intervention is not always necessary.* - **Complete surgical excision** is the **definitive treatment** and is strongly recommended for all branchial cysts. - Indications for surgery include: prevention of **recurrent infections**, risk of **abscess formation**, elimination of cosmetic concerns, and removal due to potential (though rare) **malignant transformation**. - While very small asymptomatic cysts may occasionally be observed, this carries significant risk of future complications, making surgery the standard of care in clinical practice. *They can cause dysphagia and hoarseness if infected.* - While an **infected branchial cyst** causes local inflammatory signs (pain, swelling, warmth, erythema), it **rarely causes dysphagia or hoarseness** unless exceptionally large. - These symptoms would require the cyst to compress the **pharynx** (dysphagia) or involve the **recurrent laryngeal nerve** (hoarseness), which is uncommon even with infection. - The primary presentation of infected cysts includes **tender neck mass** with overlying skin changes and possible **abscess formation**.