Biochemistry
3 questionsWhat is the limiting amino acid in cereals?
Protein quality assessment is best done by?
Which nutrient is lost maximally in polished rice?
NEET-PG 2015 - Biochemistry NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 721: What is the limiting amino acid in cereals?
- A. Methionine
- B. Tryptophan
- C. Lysine (Correct Answer)
- D. Cysteine
Explanation: ***Lysine*** - **Lysine** is the **first limiting amino acid in cereals** (wheat, rice, corn), meaning it is present in the lowest proportion relative to the body's needs. - This deficiency can impact **protein synthesis** if cereals are the sole or primary protein source without supplementation. - Complementing cereals with **legumes** (rich in lysine but low in methionine) provides complete protein nutrition. *Methionine* - **Methionine** is typically the limiting amino acid in **legumes**, not cereals. - It works with cysteine to provide **sulfur-containing amino acids** essential for various metabolic processes. - This is why cereal-legume combinations (rice and lentils, corn and beans) are nutritionally complementary. *Tryptophan* - **Tryptophan** is an essential amino acid, but it is generally **not the primary limiting amino acid in cereals**. - While corn can be relatively low in tryptophan, **lysine deficiency is more significant** across cereal grains. - It is a precursor to **serotonin** and **niacin**. *Cysteine* - **Cysteine** is a non-essential amino acid, meaning the body can synthesize it from methionine. - While important for protein structure and function, it is **not considered a limiting amino acid** since it can be produced endogenously.
Question 722: Protein quality assessment is best done by?
- A. NPU (Correct Answer)
- B. Biological value
- C. Amino acid score
- D. Digestibility coefficient
Explanation: ***NPU*** - **Net Protein Utilization (NPU)** is considered the best method for assessing protein quality because it measures the percentage of ingested protein that is actually retained and utilized by the body. - It accounts for both the **digestibility** of the protein and the **biological value** of the absorbed amino acids, providing a comprehensive assessment. *Biological value* - **Biological Value (BV)** measures the proportion of absorbed protein from food that becomes incorporated into proteins in the organism's body. - While important, BV does not account for the **digestibility** of the protein, meaning some protein may not be absorbed even if its amino acid profile is excellent. *Digestibility coefficient* - The **digestibility coefficient** measures the proportion of food protein that is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. - It only reflects the extent of **absorption** and does not provide information about how efficiently the absorbed amino acids are utilized once inside the body for protein synthesis. *Amino acid score* - The **amino acid score** compares the amino acid profile of a test protein with the amino acid requirements of humans. - This score identifies the **limiting amino acid** but does not factor in the protein's digestibility or how effectively the absorbed amino acids are used by the body.
Question 723: Which nutrient is lost maximally in polished rice?
- A. Proteins
- B. Thiamine (Correct Answer)
- C. Ascorbic acid
- D. Calcitriol
Explanation: ***Thiamine*** - **Polishing rice** removes the outer layers (bran and germ), which are rich in **thiamine (vitamin B1)**. - Significant loss of thiamine can lead to **beriberi**, characterized by neurological and cardiovascular symptoms. *Proteins* - While some protein is lost during milling, the primary nutritional loss in polished rice is not protein. - The germ and aleurone layer contain some protein, but the main carbohydrate-rich endosperm remains. *Ascorbic acid* - **Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)** is not a significant nutrient in rice, so its loss during polishing is negligible. - Rice is not a primary dietary source of vitamin C. *Calcitriol* - **Calcitriol** is the active form of **vitamin D**, and rice does not naturally contain vitamin D. - Therefore, it cannot be lost during the polishing process.
Community Medicine
5 questionsVanaspati Ghee is fortified with ?
How often is Village Health and Nutrition Day (VHND) observed?
Skin fold thickness is measured in all of the following places, EXCEPT:
Which of the following statements about pathogenic mosquitoes is correct?
Which of the following statements about Culex larvae is correct?
NEET-PG 2015 - Community Medicine NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 721: Vanaspati Ghee is fortified with ?
- A. Iodine
- B. Vitamin A (Correct Answer)
- C. Iron
- D. Calcium
Explanation: ***Vitamin A*** - **Vanaspati Ghee** is commonly fortified with **Vitamin A** to improve its nutritional value and address deficiencies. - Fortification helps to combat **Vitamin A deficiency disorders**, such as **night blindness**. *Iodine* - **Iodine** is typically used to fortify **table salt** to prevent **goiter** and **iodine deficiency disorders**. - It is not commonly added to Vanaspati Ghee. *Iron* - **Iron** is commonly used to fortify foods like **flour** and **cereals** to combat **anemia**. - Vanaspati Ghee is not a common vehicle for iron fortification. *Calcium* - **Calcium** is often added to dairy products or certain beverages to support **bone health**. - It is not a standard fortification for Vanaspati Ghee.
Question 722: How often is Village Health and Nutrition Day (VHND) observed?
- A. Every 6 months
- B. Every week
- C. Every year
- D. Once a month (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Once a month*** - Village Health and Nutrition Day (VHND) is typically observed on a **fixed day each month** to provide essential health and nutrition services at the community level. - This regular schedule ensures consistent access to services like **immunization**, **antenatal care**, and **health education** for rural populations. *Every week* - Observing VHND every week would be a **logistical challenge** given the resources and personnel required for comprehensive service delivery. - Most community-level health programs are not designed for weekly, full-scale events due to the **intensive resource allocation** involved. *Every 6 months* - A frequency of every six months would be **insufficient** to address the ongoing health and nutrition needs of the community, especially for routine immunizations and growth monitoring. - Many public health interventions require more frequent contact to be effective in **preventing disease** and **promoting health**. *Every year* - An annual observation of VHND would be **highly inadequate** for managing public health programs, as it would miss critical windows for interventions like timely immunizations and growth assessments for infants and children. - Annual events are generally reserved for specific campaigns or assessments, not for broad, routine health service delivery.
Question 723: Skin fold thickness is measured in all of the following places, EXCEPT:
- A. Mid triceps
- B. Biceps
- C. Suprailiac
- D. Suprapubic (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Suprapubic*** - The **suprapubic** region is not a standard site for measuring **skinfold thickness** in body composition assessment. - Skinfold measurements are typically taken from areas with subcutaneous fat that are easily accessible and standardized. *Mid triceps* - The **mid-triceps** is a common and important site for measuring skinfold thickness due to its relatively consistent subcutaneous fat distribution. - It is used to estimate total body fat and is a good indicator of **nutritional status**. *Biceps* - The **biceps** region is also a recognized site for skinfold thickness measurements, providing data on upper arm subcutaneous fat. - It is often measured alongside the triceps to give a more comprehensive picture of fat distribution in the arm. *Suprailiac* - The **suprailiac** region, located just above the iliac crest, is a standard site for skinfold measurements. - This site is particularly useful for assessing abdominal fat and is included in many body composition models.
Question 724: Which of the following statements about pathogenic mosquitoes is correct?
- A. Mansonia mosquitoes lay their eggs in rafts.
- B. Culex mosquitoes are primarily vectors for West Nile virus.
- C. Aedes mosquitoes are known for their distinctive black and white striped markings.
- D. Anopheles mosquitoes are known for transmitting malaria. (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Correct: Anopheles mosquitoes are known for transmitting malaria.*** - **Anopheles mosquitoes** are the **primary and only vectors** for **malaria**, a parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. - They transmit the parasite through their **saliva** when they bite humans, typically during **dusk and dawn**. - This is the most significant pathogenic association among the options. *Incorrect: Mansonia mosquitoes lay their eggs in rafts.* - **Mansonia mosquitoes** lay their eggs in **clusters attached to underwater parts of aquatic plants**, not in rafts. - **Culex mosquitoes** are the ones that lay their eggs in **raft-like formations** on water surfaces. *Incorrect: Culex mosquitoes are primarily vectors for West Nile virus.* - While **Culex mosquitoes** can transmit West Nile virus, in the **Indian context** they are primarily known as vectors for **lymphatic filariasis** (Wuchereria bancrofti) and **Japanese encephalitis**. - West Nile virus is more relevant in Western countries and is not the primary disease association for Culex in India. *Incorrect: Aedes mosquitoes are known for their distinctive black and white striped markings.* - While **Aedes aegypti** and **Aedes albopictus** do have **black and white striped markings**, this is a **morphological characteristic** rather than a primary **pathogenic association**. - The question asks about pathogenic mosquitoes, and Aedes is better characterized by its **disease transmission** (dengue, Zika, chikungunya, yellow fever) rather than its appearance. - As a pathogenic mosquito, its **daytime biting behavior** and **urban breeding habits** are more relevant than its markings.
Question 725: Which of the following statements about Culex larvae is correct?
- A. Rest parallel to surface water
- B. Long Palmate hair
- C. Siphon tube present (Correct Answer)
- D. All are false
Explanation: ***Siphon tube present*** - **Culex larvae** possess a prominent **siphon tube** at their posterior end, which is used for breathing by extending to the water surface. - This **siphon tube** is a key morphological feature that helps distinguish them from *Anopheles* larvae. *Rest parallel to surface water* - **Anopheles larvae** typically rest parallel to the water surface because they lack a long siphon and obtain oxygen directly through spiracles on their dorsal surface. - **Culex larvae**, due to their siphon tube, hang head-down at an angle from the water surface. *Long Palmate hair* - **Palmate hairs** are characteristic structures found on the abdomen of **Anopheles larvae** that help them float horizontally at the water surface. - **Culex larvae** do not possess well-developed palmate hairs. *All are false* - This statement is incorrect because the presence of a **siphon tube** is a defining characteristic of **Culex larvae**.
Pediatrics
1 questionsWhich of the following statements about the differences between human milk and cow milk is NOT true?
NEET-PG 2015 - Pediatrics NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 721: Which of the following statements about the differences between human milk and cow milk is NOT true?
- A. Cow milk has comparatively more protein than human milk.
- B. Cow milk has comparatively more calcium than human milk.
- C. Cow milk has comparatively more casein than human milk.
- D. Cow milk has comparatively more fat than human milk. (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Cow milk has comparatively more fat than human milk.*** - This statement is **incorrect** and is the answer to this "NOT true" question. Human milk generally has a **higher fat content** (3.5-4.5 g/100mL) than cow milk (~3.5 g/100mL), which is crucial for the rapid neurological development of infants. - The fat in human milk is also more **bioavailable** due to the presence of lipases, aiding digestion and absorption. - Human milk contains essential **long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs)** like DHA and ARA that support brain and retinal development. *Cow milk has comparatively more protein than human milk.* - This statement is **true**. Cow milk contains significantly **more protein** (~3.3 g/100mL) compared to human milk (~1.0 g/100mL), particularly **casein protein**. - While more protein might seem beneficial, the higher protein load in cow milk is harder for an **infant's immature kidneys** to process and increases renal solute load. *Cow milk has comparatively more calcium than human milk.* - This statement is **true**. Cow milk contains approximately **120 mg/100mL calcium** compared to human milk which has about **30 mg/100mL**. - However, the **bioavailability** of calcium and the optimal calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in human milk favor better absorption despite the lower absolute amount. *Cow milk has comparatively more casein than human milk.* - This statement is **true**. Cow milk has a **casein-to-whey ratio of 80:20**, while human milk has a ratio of approximately **40:60** (more whey). - The predominance of whey proteins in human milk makes it easier to digest, forming softer curds in the infant's stomach.
Physiology
1 questionsWhat is the caloric requirement for an adult male engaged in heavy physical work?
NEET-PG 2015 - Physiology NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 721: What is the caloric requirement for an adult male engaged in heavy physical work?
- A. 3500 kcal/d (Correct Answer)
- B. 2000 kcal/d
- C. 2500 kcal/d
- D. 3000 kcal/d
Explanation: ***3500 kcal/d*** - Adult males engaged in **heavy physical work** have significantly higher energy demands due to increased **metabolic expenditure**. - This level of caloric intake is necessary to support physical activity, maintain muscle mass, and prevent weight loss in individuals with demanding occupations. *2000 kcal/d* - This caloric intake is typically recommended for adult females who are **sedentary** or for adult males engaging in light activity, which is insufficient for heavy physical work. - It would likely lead to a **caloric deficit** and weight loss for an individual performing heavy labor. *2500 kcal/d* - This level of intake is more appropriate for moderately active adult males, but it would often be **insufficient** for those performing heavy physical work. - Individuals engaged in heavy labor require additional energy to fuel their intense activities to maintain **energy balance**. *3000 kcal/d* - While a higher intake, 3000 kcal/d might still be **borderline** or insufficient for an adult male engaged in very heavy or sustained physical work. - This value might be appropriate for moderately heavy work, but heavy work often necessitates an even higher **caloric intake** to meet energy demands.