Anatomy
10 questionsA patient has a herniated intervertebral disc impinging on the right C5 nerve roots. Which of the following movements would most likely be affected?
Which of the following muscles is not attached to the medial border of the scapula?
What is the posterior relation of the neck of the pancreas?
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of which of the following arteries?
What is the average number of lobes in a human breast?
Which artery supplies the anterior part of the interventricular septum?
Which of the following statements about the atrioventricular groove is true?
Insertion of levator scapulae is?
Which of the following does not directly drain into right atrium?
The uterine artery is a branch of which of the following?
NEET-PG 2015 - Anatomy NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 51: A patient has a herniated intervertebral disc impinging on the right C5 nerve roots. Which of the following movements would most likely be affected?
- A. Extension of the fingers
- B. Extension of the shoulder
- C. Flexion of the elbow (Correct Answer)
- D. Flexion of the wrist
Explanation: ***Flexion of the elbow*** - The **C5 nerve root** is a primary contributor to the innervation of the **biceps brachii** and **brachialis** muscles, which are the prime movers for elbow flexion. - The C5 myotome specifically includes elbow flexion as one of its key motor functions. - Impingement of the C5 nerve root would therefore most directly impact the strength and function of **elbow flexion**, leading to weakness in this movement. *Extension of the fingers* - Finger extension is primarily mediated by the **C7 and C8 nerve roots** via the posterior interosseous nerve (branch of the radial nerve). - C5 does not significantly contribute to finger extension. *Extension of the shoulder* - Shoulder extension involves muscles primarily innervated by the **C6, C7, and C8 nerve roots** (e.g., latissimus dorsi via thoracodorsal nerve, teres major). - While C5 contributes to some shoulder movements (particularly **shoulder abduction** via the deltoid), it is not primarily responsible for shoulder extension. *Flexion of the wrist* - Wrist flexion is primarily served by muscles innervated by the **C6, C7, and C8 nerve roots** (e.g., flexor carpi radialis - C6/C7, flexor carpi ulnaris - C7/C8). - The C5 nerve root has minimal to no role in wrist flexion.
Question 52: Which of the following muscles is not attached to the medial border of the scapula?
- A. Serratus anterior
- B. Levator scapulae
- C. Teres major (Correct Answer)
- D. Rhomboid major
Explanation: ***Teres major*** - The **teres major** muscle originates from the **inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border** of the scapula, NOT the medial border. - It inserts into the medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. - This is the correct answer as it does not attach to the medial border of the scapula. *Serratus anterior* - The **serratus anterior** muscle originates from the outer surfaces of the upper 8-9 ribs and inserts along the **entire medial border** of the scapula on its anterior (costal) surface. - It plays a crucial role in protraction and upward rotation of the scapula, keeping it applied to the thoracic wall. *Levator scapulae* - The **levator scapulae** muscle originates from the transverse processes of the C1-C4 vertebrae and inserts into the **superior angle and upper part of the medial border** of the scapula. - Its primary actions are to elevate the scapula and assist in downward rotation. *Rhomboid major* - The **rhomboid major** muscle originates from the spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae and attaches to the **medial border** of the scapula between the spine and inferior angle. - It acts to retract, elevate, and rotate the scapula downward.
Question 53: What is the posterior relation of the neck of the pancreas?
- A. IVC
- B. Aorta
- C. Common bile duct
- D. Origin of portal vein (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Origin of portal vein*** - The **neck of the pancreas** is intimately associated with the formation of the **hepatic portal vein** [1]. - The **superior mesenteric vein** and **splenic vein** unite behind the pancreatic neck to form the **hepatic portal vein** [1]. *IVC* - The **inferior vena cava (IVC)** lies posterior to the **head of the pancreas**, not the neck. - While it's in proximity, it does not directly relate to the neck in the same way the portal vein does. *Aorta* - The **abdominal aorta** lies posterior to the **body** and **tail of the pancreas**, further superior and to the left. - It is not a direct posterior relation of the pancreatic neck. *Common bile duct* - The **common bile duct** passes through a groove on the posterior surface of the pancreatic **head**, sometimes even embedded within it. - It is not a direct posterior relation of the pancreatic neck, which is a different segment.
Question 54: Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of which of the following arteries?
- A. Splenic artery
- B. Left gastric artery
- C. Gastroduodenal artery
- D. Superior mesenteric artery (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Superior mesenteric artery*** - The **inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery** is a direct branch of the **superior mesenteric artery (SMA)**. - It supplies the **head of the pancreas** and the **duodenum**, anastomosing with branches from the gastroduodenal artery. *Splenic artery* - The splenic artery is a branch of the **celiac trunk** and primarily supplies the **spleen**, stomach, and pancreas (via pancreatic branches). - It does not give rise to the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. *Left gastric artery* - The left gastric artery is a branch of the **celiac trunk** and supplies the **lesser curvature of the stomach** and distal esophagus. - It has no direct connection to the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. *Gastroduodenal artery* - The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the **common hepatic artery** (from the celiac trunk) and gives off the **anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries**. - While it supplies the head of the pancreas and duodenum, it is not the origin of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, which arises from the SMA.
Question 55: What is the average number of lobes in a human breast?
- A. 5
- B. 10
- C. 15 (Correct Answer)
- D. 20
Explanation: ***15*** - Historically, the human breast was described as containing **15 to 20 lobes**, each being a functionally distinct unit for milk production arranged radially around the nipple [1]. - This was the accepted anatomical teaching at the time of this examination. - **Note:** Modern imaging studies (MRI, ultrasound) have since shown that breasts typically contain **7-10 ductal systems/lobes** rather than 15-20, representing an important update to classical anatomy teaching. *5* - This number is too low and does not represent either the classical (15-20) or modern (7-10) understanding of breast lobe anatomy. - Insufficient to account for the complexity of the mammary ductal system. *10* - This represents the **upper range of modern anatomical understanding** (7-10 lobes based on current imaging studies). - While anatomically accurate by today's standards, the classical teaching referenced in this examination specified 15-20 lobes as average. *20* - Represents the **upper limit** of the classical range (15-20 lobes) [1]. - While within the historical normal range, **15 is considered the more typical average** in classical anatomy texts. - Modern research indicates this number significantly overestimates the actual lobe count.
Question 56: Which artery supplies the anterior part of the interventricular septum?
- A. Right coronary artery
- B. Posterior descending coronary artery
- C. Left anterior descending artery (LAD) (Correct Answer)
- D. None of the options
Explanation: ***Left anterior descending artery (LAD)*** - The **LAD** is a branch of the **left main coronary artery** and is also known as the "widowmaker" due to its critical supply to a large portion of the left ventricle and the interventricular septum [1]. - It gives rise to **septal branches** that typically supply the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum [1]. *Right coronary artery* - The **right coronary artery (RCA)** primarily supplies the **right ventricle**, the right atrium, the SA node (in 60% of people), and the AV node (in 90% of people). - It typically supplies the **inferior wall** of the left ventricle and the posterior one-third of the interventricular septum [1]. *Posterior descending coronary artery* - The **posterior descending artery (PDA)** arises from the **RCA** (in approximately 85% of individuals, known as right dominance) or less commonly from the circumflex artery (in left dominance) [1]. - It supplies the **posterior one-third** of the interventricular septum and typically the inferior wall of the left ventricle [1]. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because the **LAD** clearly and predominantly supplies the anterior part of the interventricular septum.
Question 57: Which of the following statements about the atrioventricular groove is true?
- A. Contains left anterior descending coronary artery
- B. Also called coronary sulcus (Correct Answer)
- C. Contains posterior descending artery
- D. Contains left coronary artery
Explanation: ***Also called coronary sulcus*** - The **atrioventricular groove** is a critical anatomical landmark that separates the atria from the ventricles on the external surface of the heart. - This anatomical division is consistently referred to as the **coronary sulcus**, which encircles the entire heart. *Contains left anterior descending coronary artery* - The **left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery**, also known as the anterior interventricular artery, lies within the **interventricular groove** (or sulcus), not the atrioventricular groove. - The interventricular groove separates the left and right ventricles, distinct from the atrioventricular separation. *Contains left coronary artery* - The **left coronary artery (LCA)** is a short main trunk that almost immediately divides into the **left anterior descending** (LAD) and **circumflex arteries** [1]. - While the **circumflex artery** (a branch of the LCA) runs in the left part of the atrioventricular groove, the main left coronary artery itself is too short to be considered within the groove [1]. *Contains posterior descending artery* - The **posterior descending artery (PDA)**, also known as the posterior interventricular artery, lies within the **posterior interventricular groove**, separating the ventricles posteriorly. - The PDA is a branch of either the right coronary artery (in most people) or the circumflex artery, but it follows the interventricular septum, not the atrioventricular border.
Question 58: Insertion of levator scapulae is?
- A. Lateral border of scapula
- B. Suprolateral part of scapula
- C. Superior part of medial scapula border (Correct Answer)
- D. Inferior angle of scapula
Explanation: ***Superior part of medial scapula border*** - The **levator scapulae muscle** originates from the **transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae** and **inserts** onto the superior part of the medial border of the scapula, between the **superior angle and the spine of the scapula**. - Its main actions are to **elevate** and **rotate** the scapula downward. *Lateral border of scapula* - The **lateral border of the scapula** primarily serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the **humerus**, such as the **teres major** and **teres minor**. - The levator scapulae has no direct insertion on the lateral border. *Suprolateral part of scapula* - This general description is vague and does not precisely identify the insertion point of the levator scapulae. - While it's located superiorly, the specific insertion is on the **medial border**, not broadly "suprolateral." *Inferior angle of scapula* - The **inferior angle of the scapula** is the insertion point for muscles like the **latissimus dorsi** (occasionally) and a key landmark for muscles involved in **scapular rotation**, such as the **serratus anterior**. - The levator scapulae is located much more superiorly and inserts onto the medial border at a higher level than the inferior angle.
Question 59: Which of the following does not directly drain into right atrium?
- A. Inferior vena cava
- B. Great cardiac vein (Correct Answer)
- C. Anterior cardiac vein
- D. Venae cordis minimi
Explanation: ***Great cardiac vein*** - The **great cardiac vein** drains into the **coronary sinus**, which then empties into the right atrium [1]. - It does not drain directly into the right atrium, distinguishing it from the other options. *Inferior vena cava* - The **inferior vena cava** is one of the major vessels that drains directly into the **right atrium**. - It carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium. *Anterior cardiac vein* - The **anterior cardiac veins** drain directly into the **right atrium**. - They tend to drain the anterior surface of the right ventricle. *Venae cordis minimi* - Also known as **Thebesian veins**, these are small veins that drain directly into the cardiac chambers, including the **right atrium**. - They represent a direct communication between the myocardial capillaries and the cardiac chambers.
Question 60: The uterine artery is a branch of which of the following?
- A. Left common iliac artery
- B. Internal iliac artery (Correct Answer)
- C. Internal pudendal artery
- D. Ovarian artery
Explanation: ***Internal iliac artery*** - The **uterine artery** is a direct branch of the **internal iliac artery**, specifically its anterior division, which supplies blood to the uterus [1]. - This artery is crucial for maintaining the vascular supply to the uterus, especially during pregnancy. *Left common iliac artery* - The **common iliac artery** bifurcates into the **internal iliac artery** and the **external iliac artery** [2]; it is not a direct source of the uterine artery. - The common iliac artery is a more proximal vessel in the arterial tree. *Internal pudendal artery* - The **internal pudendal artery** is also a branch of the **internal iliac artery**, but it primarily supplies the perineum and external genitalia, not the uterus. - It is often associated with structures such as the clitoris, labia, and structures of the anal triangle. *Ovarian artery* - The **ovarian artery** originates directly from the **abdominal aorta**, usually just below the renal arteries, and supplies the ovaries [2]. - Although it supplies the reproductive system, it is distinct from the uterine artery's origin and primary territory.