NEET-PG 2015 Practice Questions

Q: The uterine artery is a branch of which of the following?

Internal iliac artery. ***Internal iliac artery*** - The **uterine artery** is a direct branch of the **internal iliac artery**, specifically its anterior division, which supplies blood to the uterus [1]. - This artery is crucial for maintaining the vascular supply to the uterus, especially during pregnancy. *Left common iliac artery* - The **common iliac artery** bifurcates into the **internal iliac artery** and the **external iliac artery** [2]; it is not a direct source of the uterine artery. - The common iliac artery is a more proximal vessel in the arterial tree. *Internal pudendal artery* - The **internal pudendal artery** is also a branch of the **internal iliac artery**, but it primarily supplies the perineum and external genitalia, not the uterus. - It is often associated with structures such as the clitoris, labia, and structures of the anal triangle. *Ovarian artery* - The **ovarian artery** originates directly from the **abdominal aorta**, usually just below the renal arteries, and supplies the ovaries [2]. - Although it supplies the reproductive system, it is distinct from the uterine artery's origin and primary territory.

Q: Which structure may persist as a remnant of the Müllerian duct in males?

Prostatic utricle. ***Prostatic utricle*** - The **Müllerian ducts** (paramesonephric ducts) are primarily female reproductive structures. In males, the **anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)** causes their regression. - The **prostatic utricle** is a small blind-ended pouch located at the prostatic urethra, representing the remnant of the fused caudal ends of the Müllerian ducts. *Seminal vesicle* - The **seminal vesicles** develop from the **mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts**, not the Müllerian ducts. - They contribute to semen production and are functional male reproductive organs, not remnants of female structures. *Epididymis* - The **epididymis** also develops from the **mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts**. - It functions in sperm maturation and storage and is part of the male reproductive tract, not a Müllerian remnant. *Ureter* - The **ureters** are conduits for urine from the kidneys to the bladder and develop from the **ureteric bud**, an outgrowth of the mesonephric duct, but are distinct from Müllerian structures. - They are part of the urinary system in both sexes and are not considered remnants of the Müllerian duct.

Q: Which of the following is not formed by the external oblique muscle?

Conjoint tendon. ***Conjoint tendon*** - The **conjoint tendon** is formed by the conjoined aponeuroses of the **internal oblique** and **transversus abdominis muscles**, not the external oblique [1]. - It provides posterior wall reinforcement to the inguinal canal. - This is the structure that is definitively **NOT formed by the external oblique muscle**. *Lacunar ligament* - The **lacunar ligament** (Gimbernat's ligament) is a triangular fascial band formed by the medial reflection of the **inguinal ligament**. - It is derived from the **external oblique aponeurosis** and forms the medial boundary of the femoral ring. *Pectineal ligament* - The **pectineal ligament** (Cooper's ligament) is a thickening of the periosteum along the pecten pubis (pectineal line) [3]. - While it is continuous with the lacunar ligament, it is not directly formed by the external oblique muscle itself, but rather represents a separate periosteal structure. - For the purposes of this question, the conjoint tendon is the most appropriate answer as it has no contribution from the external oblique. *Inguinal ligament* - The **inguinal ligament** (Poupart's ligament) is formed by the inferomedial border of the **external oblique aponeurosis**, folding back on itself [2]. - It spans between the **anterior superior iliac spine** and the **pubic tubercle**.

Q: What is the correct sequence of uterine blood flow?

Uterine A → Arcuate A → Radial A → Spiral A. ***Uterine A → Arcuate A → Radial A → Spiral A*** - The **uterine artery** is the primary blood supply, branching into several arteries within the myometrium. - **Arcuate arteries** encircle the uterus, giving off perpendicular branches called **radial arteries**, which then give rise to the **spiral arteries** that supply the endometrium [1]. *Uterine A → Radial A → Arcuate A → Spiral A* - This sequence is incorrect because **radial arteries** arise from **arcuate arteries**, not the other way around. - **Arcuate arteries** are larger circumferential vessels that branch into the smaller radial arteries. *Uterine A → Spiral A → Radial A → Arcuate A* - This sequence is highly incorrect as **spiral arteries** are the most distal branches supplying the endometrium, not preceding radial or arcuate arteries [1]. - The flow is from larger to smaller vessels, with **spiral arteries** being the smallest and most terminal. *Uterine A → Arcuate A → Spiral A → Radial A* - This sequence incorrectly places **spiral arteries** before **radial arteries**. - **Radial arteries** are the immediate precursors to **spiral arteries**, providing direct branches to them.

Q: What is the posterior relation of the neck of the pancreas?

Origin of portal vein. ***Origin of portal vein*** - The **neck of the pancreas** is intimately associated with the formation of the **hepatic portal vein** [1]. - The **superior mesenteric vein** and **splenic vein** unite behind the pancreatic neck to form the **hepatic portal vein** [1]. *IVC* - The **inferior vena cava (IVC)** lies posterior to the **head of the pancreas**, not the neck. - While it's in proximity, it does not directly relate to the neck in the same way the portal vein does. *Aorta* - The **abdominal aorta** lies posterior to the **body** and **tail of the pancreas**, further superior and to the left. - It is not a direct posterior relation of the pancreatic neck. *Common bile duct* - The **common bile duct** passes through a groove on the posterior surface of the pancreatic **head**, sometimes even embedded within it. - It is not a direct posterior relation of the pancreatic neck, which is a different segment.

Q: Fossa ovalis is a remnant of -

Septum primum. ***Septum primum*** - The **fossa ovalis** is a depression in the right atrium that represents the sealed-off foramen ovale [2]. - It is formed from the **septum primum**, which becomes the floor of the fossa ovalis. *Septum secundum* - The **septum secundum** forms the limbus or rim of the fossa ovalis, not the fossa itself. - This structure develops later than the septum primum and partially covers the foramen ovale during fetal development [2]. *Septum spurium* - The **septum spurium** is an embryonic ridge in the right atrium that typically regresses during development and does not contribute to the fossa ovalis. - It is a transient structure formed by the confluence of the right and left venous valves. *AV cushion* - The **atrioventricular (AV) cushions** contribute to the formation of the AV valves and the atrial and ventricular septa, but not directly to the fossa ovalis [1]. - They are crucial for separating the atria from the ventricles and forming the mitral and tricuspid valves.

Q: Teres minor is supplied by

Axillary nerve. ***Axillary nerve*** - The **axillary nerve** (C5-C6) innervates both the **teres minor** and the **deltoid muscle**. - It arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and traverses the quadrangular space. *Suprascapular nerve* - The **suprascapular nerve** (C5-C6) primarily supplies the **supraspinatus** and **infraspinatus** muscles. - It plays a crucial role in shoulder abduction and external rotation, but not directly in teres minor function. *Lower subscapular nerve* - The **lower subscapular nerve** (C5-C6) innervates the **subscapularis muscle** and **teres major**. - Teres major and teres minor are anatomically adjacent but have different innervations and functions. *Thoracodorsal nerve* - The **thoracodorsal nerve** (C6-C8) innervates the **latissimus dorsi muscle** [1]. - This nerve is distinct from those supplying the rotator cuff muscles, including teres minor.

Q: Oxyntic cells are present in -

Body. ***Body*** - **Oxyntic cells**, also known as **parietal cells**, are predominantly located in the **fundus and body** of the stomach [1], [2]. - These cells are responsible for secreting **hydrochloric acid (HCl)** and **intrinsic factor**, which are crucial for digestion and vitamin B12 absorption [1]. - The gastric glands in the body contain the highest concentration of parietal cells [2]. *Pylorus* - The pylorus is the distal part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum. - It primarily contains **G cells**, which secrete **gastrin**, a hormone that stimulates HCl secretion from parietal cells [3]. - Pyloric glands contain mainly mucus-secreting cells, with few or no parietal cells [2]. *Cardia* - The cardia is the region near the gastroesophageal junction (entrance of the stomach). - This area primarily contains **cardiac glands** with mucus-secreting cells that protect the esophageal lining from gastric acid reflux. - Parietal cells are sparse or absent in the cardia [2]. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because the **body of the stomach** is the correct location for oxyntic cells.

Q: What muscle is attached to the superior nuchal line?

Trapezius muscle. ***Trapezius muscle*** - The **trapezius muscle** is a large, triangular muscle of the back that extends from the **occipital bone** (including the superior nuchal line) to the lower thoracic vertebrae. - Its **superior fibers** originate from the **medial one-third of the superior nuchal line** and the external occipital protuberance. *Scalenus anterior* - The **scalenus anterior** muscle originates from the **transverse processes of cervical vertebrae**, specifically C3-C6. - It inserts onto the **first rib** and is involved in neck flexion and elevation of the first rib during forced inspiration. *Coracobrachialis muscle* - The **coracobrachialis muscle** originates from the **coracoid process of the scapula**. - It inserts into the **medial surface of the humerus** and is involved in shoulder flexion and adduction. *Biceps Brachii muscle* - The **biceps brachii muscle** has two heads: the short head originates from the **coracoid process**, and the long head originates from the **supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula**. - It inserts onto the **radial tuberosity** and is primarily responsible for elbow flexion and forearm supination.

Q: Which ligament is most commonly damaged in knee injuries?

ACL. ***ACL*** - The **anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)** is highly susceptible to injury, especially during sports involving sudden stops, changes in direction, jumping, and awkward landings. - Its role in stabilizing the knee against **anterior tibial translation** and rotational forces makes it vulnerable to tears. *PCL* - The **posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)** is much stronger than the ACL and less frequently injured, typically requiring a direct blow to the flexed knee (e.g., dashboard injury). - It prevents **posterior tibial translation** relative to the femur. *MCL* - The **medial collateral ligament (MCL)** is commonly injured, often due to a direct blow to the outside of the knee causing a **valgus stress**. - While frequently damaged, it is often injured in conjunction with the ACL but the ACL is more frequently injured in isolation. *LCL* - The **lateral collateral ligament (LCL)** is the least commonly injured of the four major knee ligaments. - It usually results from a direct blow to the inside of the knee causing **varus stress**.

Question 1

The uterine artery is a branch of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Internal iliac artery

Answer

Left common iliac artery

Answer

Internal pudendal artery

Answer

Ovarian artery

Question 2

Which structure may persist as a remnant of the Müllerian duct in males?

Accepted Answer

Prostatic utricle

Answer

Seminal vesicle

Answer

Epididymis

Answer

Ureter

Question 3

Which of the following is not formed by the external oblique muscle?

Accepted Answer

Conjoint tendon

Answer

Inguinal ligament

Answer

Lacunar ligament

Answer

Pectineal ligament

Question 4

What is the correct sequence of uterine blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Uterine A → Arcuate A → Radial A → Spiral A

Answer

Uterine A → Radial A → Arcuate A → Spiral A

Answer

Uterine A → Spiral A → Radial A → Arcuate A

Answer

Uterine A → Arcuate A → Spiral A → Radial A

Question 5

What is the posterior relation of the neck of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Origin of portal vein

Answer

IVC

Answer

Aorta

Answer

Common bile duct

Question 6

Fossa ovalis is a remnant of -

Accepted Answer

Septum primum

Answer

Septum secundum

Answer

Septum spurium

Answer

AV cushion

Question 7

Teres minor is supplied by

Accepted Answer

Axillary nerve

Answer

Suprascapular nerve

Answer

Lower subscapular nerve

Answer

Thoracodorsal nerve

Question 8

Oxyntic cells are present in -

Accepted Answer

Body

Answer

Pylorus

Answer

Cardia

Answer

None of the options

Question 9

What muscle is attached to the superior nuchal line?

Accepted Answer

Trapezius muscle

Answer

Scalenus anterior

Answer

Coracobrachialis muscle

Answer

Biceps Brachii muscle

Question 10

Which ligament is most commonly damaged in knee injuries?

Accepted Answer

ACL

Answer

PCL

Answer

LCL

Answer

MCL

NEET-PG 2015

Anatomy

Orthopaedics