NEET-PG 2015 Practice Questions

Q: Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the:

External oblique aponeurosis. ***External oblique aponeurosis*** - The **superficial inguinal ring** is a triangular opening in the **aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle** [1]. - It allows passage of the **spermatic cord** in males and the **round ligament of the uterus** in females. *Transverse abdominis aponeurosis* - The **transverse abdominis aponeurosis** contributes to the posterior wall of the **inguinal canal**, but not the superficial inguinal ring itself [2]. - The deepest abdominal muscle, its aponeurosis forms the **conjoint tendon** with the internal oblique aponeurosis. *Internal oblique muscle* - The **internal oblique muscle** forms the arching roof and part of the anterior wall of the **inguinal canal** [2]. - Its aponeurosis contributes to the **conjoint tendon** and the falx inguinalis. *Internal oblique aponeurosis* - The **internal oblique aponeurosis** is part of the anterior wall and forms the conjoint tendon with the transverse abdominis aponeurosis [2]. - This aponeurosis does not form the superficial inguinal ring; instead, it is found deeper to the external oblique aponeurosis.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a component of the spermatic cord?

Poupart's ligament. ***Poupart's ligament*** - **Poupart's ligament**, also known as the **inguinal ligament**, is a fibrous band extending from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle and forms the **inferior boundary of the inguinal canal**. - It is a boundary structure of the inguinal canal but is **not contained within the spermatic cord** itself [1]. *Genito-femoral nerve* - The **genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve** passes through the inguinal canal and supplies the **cremaster muscle** and scrotal skin [1]. - While it accompanies the spermatic cord through the canal, it is **not traditionally listed as a component of the spermatic cord** in standard anatomical classification, though some sources may include it [1]. *Vas deferens* - The **vas deferens** (ductus deferens) is a thick muscular tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. - It is a **primary structural component of the spermatic cord** and is the most prominent palpable structure within it. *Pampiniform plexus* - The **pampiniform plexus** is a network of 8-12 veins that surrounds the testicular artery within the spermatic cord. - This venous plexus provides a **countercurrent heat exchange mechanism** for thermoregulation of the testes and is a major component of the spermatic cord.

Q: Which of the following muscles is contained in the superficial perineal space?

Ischiocavernosus muscle. ***Ischiocavernosus muscle*** - This muscle is located in the **superficial perineal space** and is the correct answer - Arises from the **ischial tuberosity** and surrounds the crus of the corpus cavernosum - Functions in maintaining **penile/clitoral erection** by compressing the crus and impeding venous return - Other muscles in the superficial perineal space include **bulbospongiosus** and **superficial transverse perinei** *Sphincter urethrae muscle* - Located in the **deep perineal space**, not superficial - Part of the urogenital diaphragm - Provides **voluntary control of urination** - Innervated by the pudendal nerve (S2-S4) *Deep transverse perinei muscle* - Also located in the **deep perineal space** - Forms part of the urogenital diaphragm along with sphincter urethrae - Contributes to pelvic floor support and **urinary continence** *Bulbourethral gland* - This is a **gland, not a muscle**, making it an incorrect choice on two counts - Located in the **deep perineal space** in males (Cowper's glands) - Secretes pre-ejaculate fluid that lubricates the urethra - This option tests both anatomical knowledge and ability to distinguish structure types

Q: Gastrosplenic ligament contains ?

Short gastric artery. ***Short gastric artery*** - The **short gastric arteries** are branches of the **splenic artery** and supply the **fundus** and upper part of the **greater curvature** of the stomach. - These vessels travel within the **gastrosplenic ligament** (or gastrosplenic omentum), connecting the greater curvature of the stomach to the hilum of the spleen [1]. *Splenic vessels* - The **splenic artery** and **vein** primarily travel within the **splenorenal ligament** (or lienorenal ligament), connecting the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall. - These major vessels supply and drain the spleen itself, not typically running within the gastrosplenic ligament [1]. *Tail of pancreas* - The **tail of the pancreas** is typically located within the **splenorenal ligament**, closely associated with the **hilum of the spleen** [1]. - It does not extend into the gastrosplenic ligament, which connects the stomach to the spleen. *Portal vein* - The **portal vein** is a major vessel formed by the confluence of the **splenic vein** and **superior mesenteric vein**, and it is located in the **hepatoduodenal ligament** (part of the lesser omentum) along with the hepatic artery and common bile duct. - This vessel is far removed from the gastrosplenic ligament, which is situated between the stomach and spleen.

Q: Which of the following is a derivative of ventral mesogastrium ?

Lesser omentum. ***Lesser omentum*** - The **lesser omentum** is formed from the **ventral mesogastrium**, which connects the developing stomach to the anterior abdominal wall [1]. - It specifically derives from the part of the ventral mesogastrium that encloses the developing liver and extends to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the duodenum [1]. *Greater omentum* - The **greater omentum** develops from the **dorsal mesogastrium**, which means it is a derivative of the dorsal rather than the ventral mesentery [1]. - It arises from a rapid growth and fusion of the **dorsal mesogastrium**, hanging from the greater curvature of the stomach. *Splenorenal ligament* - The **splenorenal ligament** develops from the **dorsal mesogastrium**, specifically from the portion that connects the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall (near the kidney). - Its formation is a consequence of the rotation of the stomach and the development of the spleen within the dorsal mesentery. *Gastrosplenic ligament* - The **gastrosplenic ligament** is also derived from the **dorsal mesogastrium**, connecting the greater curvature of the stomach to the hilum of the spleen. - As the stomach rotates, the dorsal mesogastrium expands, eventually forming both the gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments.

Q: What is the correct sequence of uterine blood flow?

Uterine A → Arcuate A → Radial A → Spiral A. ***Uterine A → Arcuate A → Radial A → Spiral A*** - The **uterine artery** is the primary blood supply, branching into several arteries within the myometrium. - **Arcuate arteries** encircle the uterus, giving off perpendicular branches called **radial arteries**, which then give rise to the **spiral arteries** that supply the endometrium [1]. *Uterine A → Radial A → Arcuate A → Spiral A* - This sequence is incorrect because **radial arteries** arise from **arcuate arteries**, not the other way around. - **Arcuate arteries** are larger circumferential vessels that branch into the smaller radial arteries. *Uterine A → Spiral A → Radial A → Arcuate A* - This sequence is highly incorrect as **spiral arteries** are the most distal branches supplying the endometrium, not preceding radial or arcuate arteries [1]. - The flow is from larger to smaller vessels, with **spiral arteries** being the smallest and most terminal. *Uterine A → Arcuate A → Spiral A → Radial A* - This sequence incorrectly places **spiral arteries** before **radial arteries**. - **Radial arteries** are the immediate precursors to **spiral arteries**, providing direct branches to them.

Q: Nerve supply of stapedius is:

Facial nerve (7th nerve). ***Facial nerve (7th nerve)*** - The **facial nerve** is responsible for innervating the **stapedius muscle**, which helps to dampen loud sounds by pulling the stapes away from the oval window. - A lesion in the facial nerve can lead to **hyperacusis** due to the paralysis of the stapedius muscle. *Oculomotor nerve (3rd nerve)* - The **oculomotor nerve** primarily controls **eye movements** and **pupil constriction**. - It does not have any direct involvement in the innervation of middle ear muscles. *Trigeminal nerve (5th nerve)* - The **trigeminal nerve** is responsible for **sensation of the face** and innervates the **muscles of mastication**. - It provides motor supply to the **tensor tympani muscle**, not the stapedius. *Glossopharyngeal nerve (9th nerve)* - The **glossopharyngeal nerve** is primarily involved in **taste sensation** from the posterior tongue, **swallowing**, and mediating the **gag reflex**. - It does not innervate any muscles of the middle ear.

Q: Floor of Petit triangle is formed by?

Internal oblique muscle. ***Internal oblique muscle*** - The **Petit triangle** (lumbar triangle) is a landmark defined by the **latissimus dorsi posteriorly**, the **external oblique anteriorly**, and the **iliac crest inferiorly**. - Its **floor** is consistently formed by the **internal oblique muscle**, which lies deep to the external oblique [1]. *Sacrospinalis muscle* - The **sacrospinalis muscle** (erector spinae) is part of the deep back muscles, located medial to the Petit triangle. - It forms part of the **vertebral column's musculature** and is not directly associated with the floor of the Petit triangle. *Rectus abdominis muscle* - The **rectus abdominis muscle** is located medially in the anterior abdominal wall [1]. - It is distinct from the lateral abdominal wall muscles that form the boundaries and floor of the Petit triangle. *Fascia Transversalis layer* - The **fascia transversalis** is a deeper fascial layer lining the abdominal wall. - While it's deep to the internal oblique, the **muscle itself** forms the immediate anatomical floor of the Petit triangle.

Q: Stapedius pulls stapes in which direction?

Posterior. ***Posterior*** - The **stapedius muscle** attaches to the **posterior surface of the stapes neck**. - Contraction of the stapedius muscle pulls the stapes **posteriorly and laterally** (posterolaterally), tilting the footplate away from the oval window and reducing sound transmission. - This action dampens excessive vibrations and protects the inner ear from loud sounds as part of the **acoustic reflex**. *Anterior* - Pulling the stapes anteriorly would push the footplate further into the **oval window**, which would increase sound transmission rather than dampen it. - No muscle pulls the stapes anteriorly in the context of the **acoustic reflex**. *Superior* - The stapedius muscle's action is primarily along the **posterolateral axis**, not superiorly. - Pulling superiorly would not effectively dampen sound vibrations or protect the inner ear from acoustic trauma. *Inferior* - The anatomy and function of the stapedius muscle do not support an inferior pulling action. - The stapedius acts to stabilize and retract the stapes **posterolaterally**, not inferiorly.

Question 1

Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the:

Accepted Answer

External oblique aponeurosis

Answer

Internal oblique muscle

Answer

Transverse abdominis aponeurosis

Answer

Internal oblique aponeurosis

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component of the spermatic cord?

Accepted Answer

Poupart's ligament

Answer

Genito-femoral nerve

Answer

Vas deferens

Answer

Pampiniform plexus

Question 3

Which of the following muscles is contained in the superficial perineal space?

Accepted Answer

Ischiocavernosus muscle

Answer

Sphincter urethrae muscle

Answer

Deep transverse perinei muscle

Answer

Bulbourethral gland

Question 4

Gastrosplenic ligament contains ?

Accepted Answer

Short gastric artery

Answer

Splenic vessels

Answer

Tail of pancreas

Answer

Portal vein

Question 5

Which of the following is a derivative of ventral mesogastrium ?

Accepted Answer

Lesser omentum

Answer

Splenorenal ligament

Answer

Greater omentum

Answer

Gastrosplenic ligament

Question 6

What is the correct sequence of uterine blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Uterine A → Arcuate A → Radial A → Spiral A

Answer

Uterine A → Radial A → Arcuate A → Spiral A

Answer

Uterine A → Spiral A → Radial A → Arcuate A

Answer

Uterine A → Arcuate A → Spiral A → Radial A

Question 7

Nerve supply of stapedius is:

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (7th nerve)

Answer

Oculomotor nerve (3rd nerve)

Answer

Trigeminal nerve (5th nerve)

Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve (9th nerve)

Question 8

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is examined by

Accepted Answer

Turning the head towards the opposite side to assess the muscle on that side

Answer

Shrugging of shoulder

Answer

Overhead abduction

Answer

Turning the head towards the same side to assess the muscle on that side

Question 9

Floor of Petit triangle is formed by?

Accepted Answer

Internal oblique muscle

Answer

Sacrospinalis muscle

Answer

Rectus abdominis muscle

Answer

Fascia Transversalis layer

Question 10

Stapedius pulls stapes in which direction?

Accepted Answer

Posterior

Answer

Answer

Superior

Answer

Inferior

NEET-PG 2015

Anatomy

Physiology