Which of the following statements is true about the anatomy of the great saphenous vein?
Which of the following is not a posterior relation of the right kidney?
Which of the following statements about the blood supply of the kidney is NOT true?
Which of the following structures does NOT pass through the deep inguinal ring?
Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the:
Which of the following is NOT a component of the spermatic cord?
Which of the following muscles is contained in the superficial perineal space?
Gastrosplenic ligament contains ?
Which of the following is a derivative of ventral mesogastrium ?
What is the correct sequence of uterine blood flow?
NEET-PG 2015 - Anatomy NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 61: Which of the following statements is true about the anatomy of the great saphenous vein?
- A. Ends at the femoral vein 2.5 cm below the inguinal ligament.
- B. Ascends anterior to the medial malleolus. (Correct Answer)
- C. Starts as a continuation of the medial marginal vein.
- D. There are usually more than 5 valves below the knee.
Explanation: ***Ascends anterior to the medial malleolus.*** - The **great saphenous vein (GSV)** originates on the dorsum of the foot and passes **anterior to the medial malleolus** to ascend the medial side of the leg [1]. - This anatomical landmark is **consistently present** and crucial for identifying the vein during clinical procedures such as venous cutdown and physical examination [1]. - The GSV continues to ascend along the medial aspect of the leg and thigh to terminate at the saphenofemoral junction. *Ends at the femoral vein 2.5 cm below the inguinal ligament.* - The GSV terminates by joining the **femoral vein** at the **saphenofemoral junction** in the femoral triangle. - This junction is located approximately **3-4 cm below and lateral to the pubic tubercle**, not simply 2.5 cm below the inguinal ligament. - The precise location varies among individuals. *Starts as a continuation of the medial marginal vein.* - The GSV is formed by the union of the **dorsal vein of the great toe** and the **dorsal venous arch** of the foot. - While the **medial marginal vein** is part of the superficial venous system of the foot and contributes to the dorsal venous arch, it is not accurate to say the GSV is a direct continuation of the medial marginal vein alone. *There are usually more than 5 valves below the knee.* - While this statement might seem plausible, there is **significant individual variation** in valve numbers. - The GSV typically has **5-10 valves below the knee**, meaning some individuals have exactly 5, while others have more. - The phrase "usually more than 5" is **imprecise** and not universally true, making it an incorrect statement for exam purposes. - In contrast, the anterior position relative to the medial malleolus is a **constant anatomical feature** [1].
Question 62: Which of the following is not a posterior relation of the right kidney?
- A. Subcostal nerve
- B. Diaphragm
- C. 11th rib (Correct Answer)
- D. Ilioinguinal nerve
Explanation: ***11th rib*** - The right kidney typically extends from the 12th thoracic vertebra to the 3rd lumbar vertebra, usually covered by the **12th rib**. - The **11th rib** is usually a posterior relation of the **left kidney**, due to the lower position of the right kidney compared to the left kidney. *Diaphragm* - The diaphragm lies **posterior** to both the right and left kidneys, separating them from the pleura and lungs. - This anatomical relationship means that renal procedures or severe kidney infections can sometimes affect the thoracic cavity. *Subcostal nerve* - The **subcostal nerve** (T12) runs inferior to the 12th rib and passes **posterior** to both kidneys. - It provides sensory innervation to the skin and motor innervation to abdominal muscles. *Ilioinguinal nerve* - The **ilioinguinal nerve** (L1) emerges from the lumbar plexus and travels **posterior** to the inferior pole of both kidneys [1]. - It primarily provides sensory innervation to the groin and parts of the external genitalia.
Question 63: Which of the following statements about the blood supply of the kidney is NOT true?
- A. Right renal artery passes behind IVC
- B. Branches of renal artery are end arteries
- C. Renal vein drains into IVC
- D. Renal artery is a branch of common iliac artery (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Renal artery is a branch of common iliac artery.*** - The **renal arteries** originate directly from the **abdominal aorta**, not the common iliac arteries. - The common iliac arteries branch subsequently from the **abdominal aorta** lower down to supply the pelvis and lower limbs. *Renal vein drains into IVC* - The **renal veins** are responsible for draining deoxygenated blood from the kidneys and typically empty directly into the **inferior vena cava (IVC)** [1]. - This is a correct anatomical relationship, essential for returning filtered blood to systemic circulation. *Right renal artery passes behind IVC* - The **right renal artery** typically originates from the aorta and passes **posterior to the inferior vena cava (IVC)** to reach the right kidney. - This anatomical arrangement is correct due to the position of the aorta and IVC relative to the kidneys. *Branches of renal artery are end arteries* - The intralobar and interlobar branches of the renal artery are considered **functional end arteries**, meaning they provide the sole blood supply to the kidney segments they perfuse. - This characteristic makes the kidney particularly susceptible to **ischemic damage** if these arteries are occluded, as there is little to no collateral circulation.
Question 64: Which of the following structures does NOT pass through the deep inguinal ring?
- A. Spermatic cord
- B. Internal spermatic fascia
- C. Round ligament
- D. Ilioinguinal nerve (Correct Answer)
Explanation: The ilioinguinal nerve typically passes through the superficial inguinal ring but does not travel through the deep inguinal ring [1]. It lies in the inguinal canal, superficial to the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament in females [1]. The spermatic cord in males enters the inguinal canal through the deep inguinal ring [2]. It contains structures like the vas deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, and nerves. The internal spermatic fascia is a covering of the spermatic cord that originates from the transversalis fascia at the deep inguinal ring [2]. In females, the round ligament of the uterus is the homologous structure to the spermatic cord in males, and it passes through the deep inguinal ring to enter the inguinal canal. It helps maintain the anteversion of the uterus.
Question 65: Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the:
- A. Internal oblique muscle
- B. Transverse abdominis aponeurosis
- C. External oblique aponeurosis (Correct Answer)
- D. Internal oblique aponeurosis
Explanation: ***External oblique aponeurosis*** - The **superficial inguinal ring** is a triangular opening in the **aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle** [1]. - It allows passage of the **spermatic cord** in males and the **round ligament of the uterus** in females. *Transverse abdominis aponeurosis* - The **transverse abdominis aponeurosis** contributes to the posterior wall of the **inguinal canal**, but not the superficial inguinal ring itself [2]. - The deepest abdominal muscle, its aponeurosis forms the **conjoint tendon** with the internal oblique aponeurosis. *Internal oblique muscle* - The **internal oblique muscle** forms the arching roof and part of the anterior wall of the **inguinal canal** [2]. - Its aponeurosis contributes to the **conjoint tendon** and the falx inguinalis. *Internal oblique aponeurosis* - The **internal oblique aponeurosis** is part of the anterior wall and forms the conjoint tendon with the transverse abdominis aponeurosis [2]. - This aponeurosis does not form the superficial inguinal ring; instead, it is found deeper to the external oblique aponeurosis.
Question 66: Which of the following is NOT a component of the spermatic cord?
- A. Poupart's ligament (Correct Answer)
- B. Genito-femoral nerve
- C. Vas deferens
- D. Pampiniform plexus
Explanation: ***Poupart's ligament*** - **Poupart's ligament**, also known as the **inguinal ligament**, is a fibrous band extending from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle and forms the **inferior boundary of the inguinal canal**. - It is a boundary structure of the inguinal canal but is **not contained within the spermatic cord** itself [1]. *Genito-femoral nerve* - The **genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve** passes through the inguinal canal and supplies the **cremaster muscle** and scrotal skin [1]. - While it accompanies the spermatic cord through the canal, it is **not traditionally listed as a component of the spermatic cord** in standard anatomical classification, though some sources may include it [1]. *Vas deferens* - The **vas deferens** (ductus deferens) is a thick muscular tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. - It is a **primary structural component of the spermatic cord** and is the most prominent palpable structure within it. *Pampiniform plexus* - The **pampiniform plexus** is a network of 8-12 veins that surrounds the testicular artery within the spermatic cord. - This venous plexus provides a **countercurrent heat exchange mechanism** for thermoregulation of the testes and is a major component of the spermatic cord.
Question 67: Which of the following muscles is contained in the superficial perineal space?
- A. Sphincter urethrae muscle
- B. Deep transverse perinei muscle
- C. Bulbourethral gland
- D. Ischiocavernosus muscle (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Ischiocavernosus muscle*** - This muscle is located in the **superficial perineal space** and is the correct answer - Arises from the **ischial tuberosity** and surrounds the crus of the corpus cavernosum - Functions in maintaining **penile/clitoral erection** by compressing the crus and impeding venous return - Other muscles in the superficial perineal space include **bulbospongiosus** and **superficial transverse perinei** *Sphincter urethrae muscle* - Located in the **deep perineal space**, not superficial - Part of the urogenital diaphragm - Provides **voluntary control of urination** - Innervated by the pudendal nerve (S2-S4) *Deep transverse perinei muscle* - Also located in the **deep perineal space** - Forms part of the urogenital diaphragm along with sphincter urethrae - Contributes to pelvic floor support and **urinary continence** *Bulbourethral gland* - This is a **gland, not a muscle**, making it an incorrect choice on two counts - Located in the **deep perineal space** in males (Cowper's glands) - Secretes pre-ejaculate fluid that lubricates the urethra - This option tests both anatomical knowledge and ability to distinguish structure types
Question 68: Gastrosplenic ligament contains ?
- A. Splenic vessels
- B. Tail of pancreas
- C. Short gastric artery (Correct Answer)
- D. Portal vein
Explanation: ***Short gastric artery*** - The **short gastric arteries** are branches of the **splenic artery** and supply the **fundus** and upper part of the **greater curvature** of the stomach. - These vessels travel within the **gastrosplenic ligament** (or gastrosplenic omentum), connecting the greater curvature of the stomach to the hilum of the spleen [1]. *Splenic vessels* - The **splenic artery** and **vein** primarily travel within the **splenorenal ligament** (or lienorenal ligament), connecting the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall. - These major vessels supply and drain the spleen itself, not typically running within the gastrosplenic ligament [1]. *Tail of pancreas* - The **tail of the pancreas** is typically located within the **splenorenal ligament**, closely associated with the **hilum of the spleen** [1]. - It does not extend into the gastrosplenic ligament, which connects the stomach to the spleen. *Portal vein* - The **portal vein** is a major vessel formed by the confluence of the **splenic vein** and **superior mesenteric vein**, and it is located in the **hepatoduodenal ligament** (part of the lesser omentum) along with the hepatic artery and common bile duct. - This vessel is far removed from the gastrosplenic ligament, which is situated between the stomach and spleen.
Question 69: Which of the following is a derivative of ventral mesogastrium ?
- A. Lesser omentum (Correct Answer)
- B. Splenorenal ligament
- C. Greater omentum
- D. Gastrosplenic ligament
Explanation: ***Lesser omentum*** - The **lesser omentum** is formed from the **ventral mesogastrium**, which connects the developing stomach to the anterior abdominal wall [1]. - It specifically derives from the part of the ventral mesogastrium that encloses the developing liver and extends to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the duodenum [1]. *Greater omentum* - The **greater omentum** develops from the **dorsal mesogastrium**, which means it is a derivative of the dorsal rather than the ventral mesentery [1]. - It arises from a rapid growth and fusion of the **dorsal mesogastrium**, hanging from the greater curvature of the stomach. *Splenorenal ligament* - The **splenorenal ligament** develops from the **dorsal mesogastrium**, specifically from the portion that connects the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall (near the kidney). - Its formation is a consequence of the rotation of the stomach and the development of the spleen within the dorsal mesentery. *Gastrosplenic ligament* - The **gastrosplenic ligament** is also derived from the **dorsal mesogastrium**, connecting the greater curvature of the stomach to the hilum of the spleen. - As the stomach rotates, the dorsal mesogastrium expands, eventually forming both the gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments.
Question 70: What is the correct sequence of uterine blood flow?
- A. Uterine A → Radial A → Arcuate A → Spiral A
- B. Uterine A → Spiral A → Radial A → Arcuate A
- C. Uterine A → Arcuate A → Spiral A → Radial A
- D. Uterine A → Arcuate A → Radial A → Spiral A (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Uterine A → Arcuate A → Radial A → Spiral A*** - The **uterine artery** is the primary blood supply, branching into several arteries within the myometrium. - **Arcuate arteries** encircle the uterus, giving off perpendicular branches called **radial arteries**, which then give rise to the **spiral arteries** that supply the endometrium [1]. *Uterine A → Radial A → Arcuate A → Spiral A* - This sequence is incorrect because **radial arteries** arise from **arcuate arteries**, not the other way around. - **Arcuate arteries** are larger circumferential vessels that branch into the smaller radial arteries. *Uterine A → Spiral A → Radial A → Arcuate A* - This sequence is highly incorrect as **spiral arteries** are the most distal branches supplying the endometrium, not preceding radial or arcuate arteries [1]. - The flow is from larger to smaller vessels, with **spiral arteries** being the smallest and most terminal. *Uterine A → Arcuate A → Spiral A → Radial A* - This sequence incorrectly places **spiral arteries** before **radial arteries**. - **Radial arteries** are the immediate precursors to **spiral arteries**, providing direct branches to them.