The uterine artery is a branch of which of the following?
Tail of pancreas develops from -
Haustrations are present in -
Which of the following provides the MOST COMPLETE description of muscles attached to the perineal body?
All veins open in sinus venarum except -
Which of the following statements about the first part of the duodenum is false?
Sensory nerve supply of gall bladder is through -
Uvula vesicae seen in bladder is formed from the following structure?
Ligament which prevents the spleen from falling in left iliac fossa -
What is the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?
NEET-PG 2015 - Anatomy NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 51: The uterine artery is a branch of which of the following?
- A. Left common iliac artery
- B. Internal iliac artery (Correct Answer)
- C. Internal pudendal artery
- D. Ovarian artery
Explanation: ***Internal iliac artery*** - The **uterine artery** is a direct branch of the **internal iliac artery**, specifically its anterior division, which supplies blood to the uterus [1]. - This artery is crucial for maintaining the vascular supply to the uterus, especially during pregnancy. *Left common iliac artery* - The **common iliac artery** bifurcates into the **internal iliac artery** and the **external iliac artery** [2]; it is not a direct source of the uterine artery. - The common iliac artery is a more proximal vessel in the arterial tree. *Internal pudendal artery* - The **internal pudendal artery** is also a branch of the **internal iliac artery**, but it primarily supplies the perineum and external genitalia, not the uterus. - It is often associated with structures such as the clitoris, labia, and structures of the anal triangle. *Ovarian artery* - The **ovarian artery** originates directly from the **abdominal aorta**, usually just below the renal arteries, and supplies the ovaries [2]. - Although it supplies the reproductive system, it is distinct from the uterine artery's origin and primary territory.
Question 52: Tail of pancreas develops from -
- A. Hepatic diverticulum
- B. Ventral pancreatic bud
- C. Dorsal pancreatic bud (Correct Answer)
- D. All of the options
Explanation: Dorsal pancreatic bud - The dorsal pancreatic bud forms the majority of the pancreas, including the body, tail, and most of the head [1]. - It arises from the dorsal mesentery of the duodenum [1]. Hepatic diverticulum - The hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts [2]. - It is separate from the pancreatic development and does not contribute to the pancreas. Ventral pancreatic bud - The ventral pancreatic bud forms only a small part of the pancreas, specifically the inferior portion of the head and the uncinate process [1]. - It rotates posteriorly with the duodenum to fuse with the dorsal bud [1]. All of the options - This option is incorrect because only the dorsal pancreatic bud forms the tail of the pancreas [1]. - The hepatic diverticulum does not contribute to pancreatic development at all, and the ventral pancreatic bud only forms the uncinate process and part of the head [1].
Question 53: Haustrations are present in -
- A. Duodenum
- B. Ileum
- C. Jejunum
- D. Colon (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Colon*** - **Haustrations** are characteristic sacculations or pouches that give the colon its segmented appearance [1]. - They are formed by the tonic contractions of the **teniae coli**, which are three distinct bands of longitudinal smooth muscle found in the muscularis externa of the colon. *Duodenum* - The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine and is characterized by **plicae circulares (circular folds)** and **villi**, not haustrations. - Its primary role is chemical digestion and initial absorption, with a smooth, folded inner surface. *Ileum* - The ileum is the final and longest part of the small intestine, featuring **Peyer's patches** (lymphoid nodules) and prominent plicae circulares [2], but lacks haustrations. - Its main function is the absorption of vitamin B12 and bile salts [2]. *Jejunum* - The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine, known for its tall and numerous **plicae circulares** and villi, making it highly efficient for nutrient absorption. - It does not possess haustrations, which are unique to the large intestine.
Question 54: Which of the following provides the MOST COMPLETE description of muscles attached to the perineal body?
- A. Deep transverse perineal
- B. Ischiocavernosum
- C. Two unpaired : (i) External anal sphincter, (ii) Fibres of longitudinal muscle coat of anal canal.
- D. Four paired muscles including bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal, deep transverse perineal, and levator ani. In females, sphincter urethrovaginalis is also attached. (Correct Answer)
Explanation: Four paired muscles including bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal, deep transverse perineal, and levator ani. In females, sphincter urethrovaginalis is also attached. [1] - The **perineal body** (or central tendon of the perineum) is a fibromuscular mass located in the midline of the perineum, serving as an important point of attachment for multiple muscles essential for pelvic floor integrity. - This option correctly identifies **four paired muscles** (bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal, deep transverse perineal, and levator ani) and additionally mentions the **sphincter urethrovaginalis** in females, providing the most thorough description. [1] *Ischiocavernosus* - The **ischiocavernosus** muscle surrounds the crus of the penis or clitoris and attaches to the ischial tuberosity and pubic ramus. - While it contributes to perineal function, it does **not** directly attach to the perineal body, making this option incorrect. *Deep transverse perineal* - The **deep transverse perineal** muscle does attach to the perineal body and is part of the urogenital diaphragm. [1] - However, it is only one of several muscles, making this an incomplete description compared to the correct answer. *Two unpaired: (i) External anal sphincter, (ii) Fibres of longitudinal muscle coat of anal canal* - The **external anal sphincter** does indeed have fibers that connect to the perineal body, and the longitudinal muscle coat of the anal canal also contributes. [1] - However, this option *only* lists two unpaired structures and omits major paired muscles (bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal, deep transverse perineal, and levator ani), making it an incomplete description of all attachments.
Question 55: All veins open in sinus venarum except -
- A. SVC
- B. Coronary sinus
- C. Anterior cardiac vein (Correct Answer)
- D. Small cardiac vein
Explanation: ***Anterior cardiac vein*** - The **anterior cardiac veins** are unique in that they drain **directly into the right atrium** through small openings (foramina) in the anterior atrial wall, **bypassing the sinus venarum entirely**. - Unlike other cardiac veins, they do **not** drain into the **coronary sinus** or the **sinus venarum**. - They typically number 2-3 veins and drain the anterior surface of the right ventricle. *SVC* - The **superior vena cava (SVC)** opens directly into the **superior part of the sinus venarum** of the right atrium. - It carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body, head, neck, and upper limbs to the heart. *Coronary sinus* - The **coronary sinus** is the largest venous drainage channel of the heart and opens into the **posteromedial part of the sinus venarum**. - It collects blood from most cardiac veins, including the great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and small cardiac vein. *Small cardiac vein* - The **small cardiac vein** drains into the **coronary sinus**, which then opens into the **sinus venarum**. - It runs along the right atrioventricular (coronary) groove and drains the right atrium and right ventricle.
Question 56: Which of the following statements about the first part of the duodenum is false?
- A. 5 cm long
- B. Is superior part
- C. Develops from foregut
- D. Supplied by the superior mesenteric artery (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Supplied by the superior mesenteric artery*** - The first part of the duodenum, derived from the **foregut**, receives its blood supply from the **gastroduodenal artery**, a branch of the celiac artery [1], [2]. - The **superior mesenteric artery** primarily supplies the **midgut** derivatives, which include the distal half of the duodenum and onward [2]. *5 cm long* - The first part of the duodenum is indeed the **shortest** and widest section, typically measuring about **5 cm (2 inches)** in length. - This length allows it to course from the pylorus to the inferior border of the L1 vertebra. *Is superior part* - This statement is correct as the first part courses **superiorly** and then posteriorly, crossing the right crus of the diaphragm. - It lies at the level of the **L1 vertebra**. *Develops from foregut* - The first part of the duodenum, along with the other upper gastrointestinal structures (stomach, liver, pancreas), indeed develops from the **embryonic foregut** [1]. - The transition from foregut to midgut occurs at the level of the **major duodenal papilla**.
Question 57: Sensory nerve supply of gall bladder is through -
- A. Vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X) (Correct Answer)
- B. Celiac plexus (sympathetic fibers)
- C. Trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V)
- D. Facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Explanation: ***Vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X)*** - The **vagus nerve** provides the primary **sensory (visceral afferent) innervation** to the gallbladder, carrying information about distension, contraction, and physiological state. - These **parasympathetic sensory fibers** travel through the vagus nerve to medullary centers, monitoring gallbladder function and participating in reflex arcs. - The vagus nerve is the main pathway for **general sensory innervation** of the gallbladder as per standard anatomical texts. *Celiac plexus (sympathetic fibers)* - The **celiac plexus** contains **sympathetic afferent fibers** that primarily transmit **pain sensation** from the gallbladder, especially during inflammation or biliary colic [1]. - These pain fibers travel via sympathetic pathways to spinal segments **T8-T9**, mediating referred pain to the epigastric region and right upper quadrant [1]. - While important for pain transmission, the celiac plexus is not classified as the primary sensory nerve supply in anatomical nomenclature. *Trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V)* - The **trigeminal nerve** provides **sensory innervation to the face** and motor innervation to muscles of mastication. - It has no role in innervation of abdominal viscera, including the gallbladder. *Facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)* - The **facial nerve** controls **facial expression muscles**, provides taste sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and supplies parasympathetic fibers to lacrimal and salivary glands. - It does not innervate any abdominal organs.
Question 58: Uvula vesicae seen in bladder is formed from the following structure?
- A. Lateral lobe of the prostate
- B. Anterior lobe of the prostate
- C. Posterior lobe of the prostate
- D. Median lobe of the prostate (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Median lobe of the prostate*** - The **uvula vesicae** is a slight median elevation on the internal surface of the **bladder base**, immediately behind the **internal urethral orifice**. - This elevation is formed by the underlying **median (middle) lobe of the prostate** projecting upward beneath the bladder mucosa. - In **benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)**, enlargement of the median lobe accentuates this prominence and can cause significant urinary obstruction. *Lateral lobe of the prostate* - Enlargement of the **lateral lobes** causes lateral compression of the prostatic urethra, not a median elevation at the bladder neck. - While they are the most common site of **BPH**, they do not form the uvula vesicae. *Anterior lobe of the prostate* - The **anterior lobe** (or anterior fibromuscular stroma) is located in front of the urethra and is non-glandular. - It does not contribute to the formation of the uvula vesicae or cause significant urinary symptoms. *Posterior lobe of the prostate* - The **posterior lobe** is located behind the urethra and is the most common site for **prostate cancer**. - It does not project into the bladder base and therefore does not form the uvula vesicae.
Question 59: Ligament which prevents the spleen from falling in left iliac fossa -
- A. Phrenicocolic ligament (Correct Answer)
- B. Lienorenal ligament
- C. Upper pole of right kidney
- D. Sigmoid colon
Explanation: ***Phrenicocolic ligament*** - The **phrenicocolic ligament** is a fold of peritoneum that extends from the left colic flexure to the diaphragm, under the spleen. - It forms a shelf that **supports the spleen** and prevents it from descending into the left iliac fossa. *Lienorenal ligament* - The **lienorenal (splenorenal) ligament** connects the hilum of the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall (specifically over the left kidney) [1]. - While it helps to anchor the spleen, its primary role is not preventing caudal displacement, but rather containing the **splenic artery and vein** and the tail of the pancreas [1]. *Upper pole of right kidney* - The **right kidney** is located on the opposite side of the abdominal cavity from the spleen. - It plays no role in supporting the spleen or preventing its descent. *Sigmoid colon* - The **sigmoid colon** is a part of the large intestine located in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen and pelvis. - It is situated far below the spleen and has no direct anatomical connection or supporting role for the spleen.
Question 60: What is the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?
- A. Brachioradialis
- B. Pronator teres (Correct Answer)
- C. Supinator
- D. None of the options
Explanation: ***Pronator teres*** - The **pronator teres muscle** forms the **medial boundary** of the cubital fossa, running obliquely from the medial epicondyle to the lateral side of the radius. - This muscle defines the medial aspect of the triangular space at the anterior elbow. *Brachioradialis* - The **brachioradialis** muscle forms the **lateral boundary** of the cubital fossa. - It arises from the humerus and inserts into the distal radius, helping to delineate the region laterally. *Supinator* - The **supinator muscle** is located deep within the forearm and is not a direct boundary of the cubital fossa. - It lies on the posterior aspect of the radius and ulna, deep to some of the cubital fossa contents. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because the **pronator teres** clearly defines the medial boundary of the cubital fossa.