NEET-PG 2015 - Anatomy Practice Questions

Q: The uterine artery is a branch of which of the following?

Internal iliac artery. ***Internal iliac artery*** - The **uterine artery** is a direct branch of the **internal iliac artery**, specifically its anterior division, which supplies blood to the uterus [1]. - This artery is crucial for maintaining the vascular supply to the uterus, especially during pregnancy. *Left common iliac artery* - The **common iliac artery** bifurcates into the **internal iliac artery** and the **external iliac artery** [2]; it is not a direct source of the uterine artery. - The common iliac artery is a more proximal vessel in the arterial tree. *Internal pudendal artery* - The **internal pudendal artery** is also a branch of the **internal iliac artery**, but it primarily supplies the perineum and external genitalia, not the uterus. - It is often associated with structures such as the clitoris, labia, and structures of the anal triangle. *Ovarian artery* - The **ovarian artery** originates directly from the **abdominal aorta**, usually just below the renal arteries, and supplies the ovaries [2]. - Although it supplies the reproductive system, it is distinct from the uterine artery's origin and primary territory.

Q: Tail of pancreas develops from -

Dorsal pancreatic bud. Dorsal pancreatic bud - The dorsal pancreatic bud forms the majority of the pancreas, including the body, tail, and most of the head [1]. - It arises from the dorsal mesentery of the duodenum [1]. Hepatic diverticulum - The hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts [2]. - It is separate from the pancreatic development and does not contribute to the pancreas. Ventral pancreatic bud - The ventral pancreatic bud forms only a small part of the pancreas, specifically the inferior portion of the head and the uncinate process [1]. - It rotates posteriorly with the duodenum to fuse with the dorsal bud [1]. All of the options - This option is incorrect because only the dorsal pancreatic bud forms the tail of the pancreas [1]. - The hepatic diverticulum does not contribute to pancreatic development at all, and the ventral pancreatic bud only forms the uncinate process and part of the head [1].

Q: Haustrations are present in -

Colon. ***Colon*** - **Haustrations** are characteristic sacculations or pouches that give the colon its segmented appearance [1]. - They are formed by the tonic contractions of the **teniae coli**, which are three distinct bands of longitudinal smooth muscle found in the muscularis externa of the colon. *Duodenum* - The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine and is characterized by **plicae circulares (circular folds)** and **villi**, not haustrations. - Its primary role is chemical digestion and initial absorption, with a smooth, folded inner surface. *Ileum* - The ileum is the final and longest part of the small intestine, featuring **Peyer's patches** (lymphoid nodules) and prominent plicae circulares [2], but lacks haustrations. - Its main function is the absorption of vitamin B12 and bile salts [2]. *Jejunum* - The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine, known for its tall and numerous **plicae circulares** and villi, making it highly efficient for nutrient absorption. - It does not possess haustrations, which are unique to the large intestine.

Q: All veins open in sinus venarum except -

Anterior cardiac vein. ***Anterior cardiac vein*** - The **anterior cardiac veins** are unique in that they drain **directly into the right atrium** through small openings (foramina) in the anterior atrial wall, **bypassing the sinus venarum entirely**. - Unlike other cardiac veins, they do **not** drain into the **coronary sinus** or the **sinus venarum**. - They typically number 2-3 veins and drain the anterior surface of the right ventricle. *SVC* - The **superior vena cava (SVC)** opens directly into the **superior part of the sinus venarum** of the right atrium. - It carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body, head, neck, and upper limbs to the heart. *Coronary sinus* - The **coronary sinus** is the largest venous drainage channel of the heart and opens into the **posteromedial part of the sinus venarum**. - It collects blood from most cardiac veins, including the great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and small cardiac vein. *Small cardiac vein* - The **small cardiac vein** drains into the **coronary sinus**, which then opens into the **sinus venarum**. - It runs along the right atrioventricular (coronary) groove and drains the right atrium and right ventricle.

Q: Which of the following statements about the first part of the duodenum is false?

Supplied by the superior mesenteric artery. ***Supplied by the superior mesenteric artery*** - The first part of the duodenum, derived from the **foregut**, receives its blood supply from the **gastroduodenal artery**, a branch of the celiac artery [1], [2]. - The **superior mesenteric artery** primarily supplies the **midgut** derivatives, which include the distal half of the duodenum and onward [2]. *5 cm long* - The first part of the duodenum is indeed the **shortest** and widest section, typically measuring about **5 cm (2 inches)** in length. - This length allows it to course from the pylorus to the inferior border of the L1 vertebra. *Is superior part* - This statement is correct as the first part courses **superiorly** and then posteriorly, crossing the right crus of the diaphragm. - It lies at the level of the **L1 vertebra**. *Develops from foregut* - The first part of the duodenum, along with the other upper gastrointestinal structures (stomach, liver, pancreas), indeed develops from the **embryonic foregut** [1]. - The transition from foregut to midgut occurs at the level of the **major duodenal papilla**.

Q: Sensory nerve supply of gall bladder is through -

Vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X). ***Vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X)*** - The **vagus nerve** provides the primary **sensory (visceral afferent) innervation** to the gallbladder, carrying information about distension, contraction, and physiological state. - These **parasympathetic sensory fibers** travel through the vagus nerve to medullary centers, monitoring gallbladder function and participating in reflex arcs. - The vagus nerve is the main pathway for **general sensory innervation** of the gallbladder as per standard anatomical texts. *Celiac plexus (sympathetic fibers)* - The **celiac plexus** contains **sympathetic afferent fibers** that primarily transmit **pain sensation** from the gallbladder, especially during inflammation or biliary colic [1]. - These pain fibers travel via sympathetic pathways to spinal segments **T8-T9**, mediating referred pain to the epigastric region and right upper quadrant [1]. - While important for pain transmission, the celiac plexus is not classified as the primary sensory nerve supply in anatomical nomenclature. *Trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V)* - The **trigeminal nerve** provides **sensory innervation to the face** and motor innervation to muscles of mastication. - It has no role in innervation of abdominal viscera, including the gallbladder. *Facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)* - The **facial nerve** controls **facial expression muscles**, provides taste sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and supplies parasympathetic fibers to lacrimal and salivary glands. - It does not innervate any abdominal organs.

Q: Uvula vesicae seen in bladder is formed from the following structure?

Median lobe of the prostate. ***Median lobe of the prostate*** - The **uvula vesicae** is a slight median elevation on the internal surface of the **bladder base**, immediately behind the **internal urethral orifice**. - This elevation is formed by the underlying **median (middle) lobe of the prostate** projecting upward beneath the bladder mucosa. - In **benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)**, enlargement of the median lobe accentuates this prominence and can cause significant urinary obstruction. *Lateral lobe of the prostate* - Enlargement of the **lateral lobes** causes lateral compression of the prostatic urethra, not a median elevation at the bladder neck. - While they are the most common site of **BPH**, they do not form the uvula vesicae. *Anterior lobe of the prostate* - The **anterior lobe** (or anterior fibromuscular stroma) is located in front of the urethra and is non-glandular. - It does not contribute to the formation of the uvula vesicae or cause significant urinary symptoms. *Posterior lobe of the prostate* - The **posterior lobe** is located behind the urethra and is the most common site for **prostate cancer**. - It does not project into the bladder base and therefore does not form the uvula vesicae.

Q: Ligament which prevents the spleen from falling in left iliac fossa -

Phrenicocolic ligament. ***Phrenicocolic ligament*** - The **phrenicocolic ligament** is a fold of peritoneum that extends from the left colic flexure to the diaphragm, under the spleen. - It forms a shelf that **supports the spleen** and prevents it from descending into the left iliac fossa. *Lienorenal ligament* - The **lienorenal (splenorenal) ligament** connects the hilum of the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall (specifically over the left kidney) [1]. - While it helps to anchor the spleen, its primary role is not preventing caudal displacement, but rather containing the **splenic artery and vein** and the tail of the pancreas [1]. *Upper pole of right kidney* - The **right kidney** is located on the opposite side of the abdominal cavity from the spleen. - It plays no role in supporting the spleen or preventing its descent. *Sigmoid colon* - The **sigmoid colon** is a part of the large intestine located in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen and pelvis. - It is situated far below the spleen and has no direct anatomical connection or supporting role for the spleen.

Q: What is the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?

Pronator teres. ***Pronator teres*** - The **pronator teres muscle** forms the **medial boundary** of the cubital fossa, running obliquely from the medial epicondyle to the lateral side of the radius. - This muscle defines the medial aspect of the triangular space at the anterior elbow. *Brachioradialis* - The **brachioradialis** muscle forms the **lateral boundary** of the cubital fossa. - It arises from the humerus and inserts into the distal radius, helping to delineate the region laterally. *Supinator* - The **supinator muscle** is located deep within the forearm and is not a direct boundary of the cubital fossa. - It lies on the posterior aspect of the radius and ulna, deep to some of the cubital fossa contents. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because the **pronator teres** clearly defines the medial boundary of the cubital fossa.

Question 1

The uterine artery is a branch of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Internal iliac artery

Answer

Left common iliac artery

Answer

Internal pudendal artery

Answer

Ovarian artery

Question 2

Tail of pancreas develops from -

Accepted Answer

Dorsal pancreatic bud

Answer

Hepatic diverticulum

Answer

Ventral pancreatic bud

Answer

All of the options

Question 3

Haustrations are present in -

Accepted Answer

Colon

Answer

Duodenum

Answer

Ileum

Answer

Jejunum

Question 4

Which of the following provides the MOST COMPLETE description of muscles attached to the perineal body?

Accepted Answer

Four paired muscles including bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal, deep transverse perineal, and levator ani. In females, sphincter urethrovaginalis is also attached.

Answer

Deep transverse perineal

Answer

Ischiocavernosum

Answer

Two unpaired : (i) External anal sphincter, (ii) Fibres of longitudinal muscle coat of anal canal.

Question 5

All veins open in sinus venarum except -

Accepted Answer

Anterior cardiac vein

Answer

SVC

Answer

Coronary sinus

Answer

Small cardiac vein

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the first part of the duodenum is false?

Accepted Answer

Supplied by the superior mesenteric artery

Answer

5 cm long

Answer

Is superior part

Answer

Develops from foregut

Question 7

Sensory nerve supply of gall bladder is through -

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X)

Answer

Celiac plexus (sympathetic fibers)

Answer

Trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V)

Answer

Facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)

Question 8

Uvula vesicae seen in bladder is formed from the following structure?

Accepted Answer

Median lobe of the prostate

Answer

Lateral lobe of the prostate

Answer

Anterior lobe of the prostate

Answer

Posterior lobe of the prostate

Question 9

Ligament which prevents the spleen from falling in left iliac fossa -

Accepted Answer

Phrenicocolic ligament

Answer

Lienorenal ligament

Answer

Upper pole of right kidney

Answer

Sigmoid colon

Question 10

What is the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?

Accepted Answer

Pronator teres

Answer

Brachioradialis

Answer

Supinator

Answer

None of the options

NEET-PG 2015 — Anatomy