NEET-PG 2015 - Anatomy Practice Questions

Q: What structure passes through the quadrangular space?

Axillary nerve. Axillary nerve - The axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery are the primary structures that pass through the quadrangular space. - Compression or injury within this space can lead to deficits in the axillary nerve's distribution, affecting the deltoid and teres minor muscles. *Radial nerve* - The radial nerve passes through the triangular interval, not the quadrangular space. - It supplies the triceps muscle and all muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm. *Median nerve* - The median nerve travels through the cubital fossa and then down the anterior forearm, supplying most of the forearm flexors and some hand muscles. - It does not pass through any of the posterior axillary spaces. *Brachial Artery* - The brachial artery is the main arterial supply to the arm and runs anteriorly in the arm, deep to the biceps brachii muscle. - It does not pass through the quadrangular space; rather, the posterior circumflex humeral artery (a branch of the axillary artery) traverses this space.

Q: What is the type of epithelium of the adenoid?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. ***Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium*** - The adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil) is located in the nasopharynx, which is part of the upper respiratory tract and is lined with **pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium** with goblet cells [1]. - This type of epithelium is also known as **respiratory epithelium**, and its cilia and mucus-producing goblet cells help to trap and clear inhaled particles and pathogens [1]. *Non-keratinized squamous epithelium* - This type of epithelium is found in areas subject to friction and abrasion, such as the oral cavity, oro- and laryngopharynx, and esophagus, not typically in the nasopharynx. - It provides protection but lacks the ciliated and mucus-producing cells necessary for clearing respiratory passages. *Cuboidal epithelium* - This epithelium is typically found in glands and ducts, secretory and absorptive surfaces, such as renal tubules and thyroid follicles. - It does not have the specialized functions (cilia, mucus production) required for the respiratory system's protective lining. *Columnar epithelium with goblet cells* - While the adenoid epithelium does contain **goblet cells** for mucus production, specifically stating "columnar epithelium" is not as precise as "pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium." - The key feature of being **pseudostratified** and **ciliated** is crucial for its function in the nasopharynx [1].

Q: Lens is attached to ciliary body via?

Zonular fibers. ***Zonular fibers*** - The **suspensory ligaments** of the lens, known as zonular fibers (or **Zonules of Zinn**), connect the lens capsule to the ciliary body. - These fibers play a crucial role in **accommodation** by transmitting the tension from the ciliary muscle to the lens, causing it to change shape [2]. *Limbus* - The **limbus** is the junction between the cornea and the sclera, serving as a transitional zone [3]. - It does not directly attach the lens to the ciliary body but is an important anatomical landmark for eye surgery. *Vitreous Humour* - The **vitreous humor** is the clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina [4]. - It maintains the shape of the eye and holds the retina in place, but it does not provide structural attachment for the lens. *Root of iris* - The **root of the iris** is the outermost part of the iris where it attaches to the ciliary body. - While it is adjacent to the ciliary body, it is the iris structure itself and does not serve to attach the lens [1].

Q: Pupillary reflex pathway - All of the following are a part except?

Medial geniculate body. ***Medial geniculate body*** - The **medial geniculate body** is part of the **auditory pathway**, involved in processing sound information [2]. - It does not play a role in the **afferent** or **efferent** limbs of the pupillary light reflex. *Edinger Westphal nucleus* - The **Edinger-Westphal nucleus** is the **parasympathetic nucleus** of cranial nerve III (**oculomotor nerve**) [1]. - It provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that lead to pupillary constriction via the **ciliary ganglion** [1]. *Pretectal nuclei* - The **pretectal nuclei** receive input from the **retina** and are critical for the **afferent limb** of the pupillary light reflex [1], [3]. - They send fibers to the **Edinger-Westphal nuclei** bilaterally, mediating the direct and consensual light reflexes [1]. *Retinal ganglion cell* - **Retinal ganglion cells** are responsible for transmitting visual information from the **retina** to the brain [4]. - A subset of these cells, containing **melanopsin**, are photosensitive and specifically mediate the input for the **pupillary light reflex** [3].

Q: Which anatomical structure lies between the bulla ethmoidalis and the uncinate process of the ethmoid?

Ethmoidal infundibulum. ***Ethmoidal infundibulum*** - The **ethmoidal infundibulum** is a curved, three-dimensional space located within the **lateral wall of the nasal cavity**. - It forms a critical drainage pathway, often leading to the opening of the **maxillary sinus** and serving as the primary outflow tract for the anterior ethmoidal air cells. *Bulla ethmoidalis* - The **bulla ethmoidalis** is the largest and most constant anterior ethmoid air cell, bulging into the middle meatus. - It lies *superior and posterior* to the ethmoidal infundibulum, forming one of its boundaries, not the space itself. *Uncinate process of ethmoid* - The **uncinate process** is a sickle-shaped bony lamella that forms the *anterior and inferior boundary* of the ethmoidal infundibulum. - It helps define the pathway for drainage but is a bony structure, not the intervening space. *Maxillary sinus* - The **maxillary sinus** is a paranasal sinus located within the maxilla, which drains into the posterior part of the ethmoidal infundibulum or hiatus semilunaris. - It is a separate air-filled cavity, not the anatomical space between the bulla ethmoidalis and uncinate process.

Q: The zonules suspending the lens are attached to the?

Ciliary body. ***Ciliary body*** - The **suspensory ligaments of the lens**, also known as zonules of Zinn, connect the **lens capsule** to the **ciliary body**. - These zonules play a crucial role in **accommodation** by transmitting forces from the ciliary muscle to alter the shape of the lens. *Root of iris* - The **root of the iris** attaches the iris to the ciliary body but does not directly connect to the lens zonules. - The iris primarily controls the **pupil size** and light entry, while the zonules are involved in lens suspension and focusing. *Anterior vitreous* - The **anterior vitreous** is the part of the vitreous humor located in front of the lens. - While it is in close proximity to the lens, the zonules do not directly attach to the vitreous but rather to the ciliary body. *Limbus* - The **limbus** is the transitional zone between the cornea and the sclera, the white outer layer of the eye. - It is an important anatomical landmark for eye surgery and drainage of aqueous humor, but it has no direct role in suspending the lens.

Q: In a patient with chronic sinusitis, which of the following structures is associated with the presence of ethmoidal bullae?

Anterior ethmoidal air cells. ***Anterior ethmoidal air cells*** - The **ethmoidal bulla** is the largest and most constant **anterior ethmoidal air cell**, located in the lateral wall of the middle meatus. - It is a key component of the **ostiomeatal complex** and its inflammation or blockage can contribute to chronic sinusitis by obstructing drainage pathways. - The ethmoidal bulla drains into the **middle meatus** via the hiatus semilunaris and is positioned superior to the uncinate process. *Posterior ethmoidal air cells* - These are located more posteriorly and drain into the **superior meatus**, not the middle meatus where the ethmoidal bulla drains. - The posterior cells are separated from the anterior cells by the **basal lamella of the middle turbinate. - The **ethmoidal bulla** is an anterior structure, clearly distinguished from the posterior ethmoidal cell group. *Superior ethmoidal air cells* - This is **not a standard anatomical classification** for ethmoidal air cells. - The ethmoid labyrinth is divided into **anterior and posterior groups**, not superior/inferior or middle classifications. - The ethmoidal bulla belongs to the anterior ethmoid complex. *Inferior ethmoidal air cells* - This is **not a recognized anatomical classification** for ethmoidal air cells. - Standard classification divides ethmoidal cells into **anterior** (including the bulla) and **posterior** groups. - The ethmoidal bulla is specifically an anterior ethmoidal air cell, the largest of this group.

Q: External auditory canal is formed by:

1st branchial groove. 1st branchial groove - The **external auditory canal** is primarily derived from the **first branchial (pharyngeal) groove** during embryonic development [1]. - This groove deepens to form the primitive external auditory meatus, which later develops into the adult external auditory canal [1]. *1st visceral pouch* - The **first pharyngeal (visceral) pouch** gives rise to structures like the **eustachian tube** (auditory tube) and the **middle ear cavity** (tympanic cavity) [1]. - It does not contribute to the formation of the external auditory canal. *2nd branchial groove* - The **second pharyngeal (branchial) groove** contributes to the formation of the **cervical sinus**, which normally obliterates. - Persistence of this groove can lead to **cervical cysts or fistulae**, but it is not involved in ear development. *2nd visceral pouch* - The **second pharyngeal (visceral) pouch** develops into the **palatine tonsils** and its fossa. - It plays no role in the formation of the external auditory canal or other ear structures.

Q: Which of the following is not an extrinsic laryngeal membrane?

Quadrangular membrane. **Quadrangular membrane** - The quadrangular membrane is an **intrinsic laryngeal membrane**, originating and inserting within the larynx itself, forming the false vocal cords and epiglottic folds. - It does not connect the larynx to external structures like the hyoid bone or trachea. *Hyoepiglottic ligament* - This is an **extrinsic laryngeal ligament** that connects the anterior surface of the epiglottis to the body of the hyoid bone. - It helps anchor the epiglottis to a structure outside the larynx. *Cricotracheal membrane* - The cricotracheal membrane is an **extrinsic laryngeal membrane** connecting the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage of the larynx to the first tracheal ring. - It forms the connection between the larynx and the trachea, an external structure. *Thyrohyoid membrane* - This is an **extrinsic laryngeal membrane** that connects the superior border of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx to the first tracheal ring. - It provides a broad connection between the larynx and the hyoid bone, an external laryngeal structure.

Q: What lies between the middle and inferior turbinate?

Middle meatus. ***Middle meatus*** - The **nasal meatuses** are passages in the nasal cavity that lie inferolateral to a corresponding **turbinate**. - Therefore, the **middle meatus** is located directly beneath the **middle turbinate** and superior to the **inferior turbinate**. *Superior meatus* - The **superior meatus** lies below the **superior turbinate**. - It drains the posterior ethmoid air cells and the sphenoid sinus. *Hiatus semilunaris* - The **hiatus semilunaris** is a curved opening located within the **middle meatus**. - It is an important drainage pathway for the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and anterior ethmoid air cells. *Inferior meatus* - The **inferior meatus** lies below the **inferior turbinate**. - It receives the opening of the **nasolacrimal duct**.

Question 1

What structure passes through the quadrangular space?

Accepted Answer

Axillary nerve

Answer

Radial nerve

Answer

Median nerve

Answer

Brachial Artery

Question 2

What is the type of epithelium of the adenoid?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Answer

Non-keratinized squamous epithelium

Answer

Cuboidal epithelium

Answer

Columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 3

Lens is attached to ciliary body via?

Accepted Answer

Zonular fibers

Answer

Limbus

Answer

Vitreous Humour

Answer

Root of iris

Question 4

Pupillary reflex pathway - All of the following are a part except?

Accepted Answer

Medial geniculate body

Answer

Edinger Westphal nucleus

Answer

Pretectal nuclei

Answer

Retinal ganglion cell

Question 5

Which anatomical structure lies between the bulla ethmoidalis and the uncinate process of the ethmoid?

Accepted Answer

Ethmoidal infundibulum

Answer

Bulla ethmoidalis

Answer

Uncinate process of ethmoid

Answer

Maxillary sinus

Question 6

The zonules suspending the lens are attached to the?

Accepted Answer

Ciliary body

Answer

Root of iris

Answer

Anterior vitreous

Answer

Limbus

Question 7

In a patient with chronic sinusitis, which of the following structures is associated with the presence of ethmoidal bullae?

Accepted Answer

Anterior ethmoidal air cells

Answer

Posterior ethmoidal air cells

Answer

Superior ethmoidal air cells

Answer

Inferior ethmoidal air cells

Question 8

External auditory canal is formed by:

Accepted Answer

1st branchial groove

Answer

1st visceral pouch

Answer

2nd branchial groove

Answer

2nd visceral pouch

Question 9

Which of the following is not an extrinsic laryngeal membrane?

Accepted Answer

Quadrangular membrane

Answer

Hyoepiglottic ligament

Answer

Cricotracheal membrane

Answer

Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 10

What lies between the middle and inferior turbinate?

Accepted Answer

Middle meatus

Answer

Superior meatus

Answer

Inferior meatus

Answer

Hiatus semilunaris

NEET-PG 2015 — Anatomy