NEET-PG 2013 Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following statements about Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is true?

Least potent inhalational anesthetic. **Least potent inhalational anesthetic** - Nitrous oxide has a **high Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC)** of approximately 104%, making it the least potent of the commonly used inhalational anesthetics. - Its high MAC means a very high concentration is required to achieve surgical anesthesia, which is why it is typically used as an adjunct to more potent agents. *Lighter than air* - The molecular weight of nitrous oxide (N2O) is 44, which is **heavier than air** (average molecular weight approximately 29 g/mol). - Its density is greater than air, meaning it would tend to sink rather than rise. *Effective muscle relaxant* - Nitrous oxide provides **minimal to no skeletal muscle relaxation** benefits. - If muscle relaxation is required, a neuromuscular blocking agent must be administered separately. *Does not cause diffusion hypoxia* - Nitrous oxide rapidly diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli during emergence, diluting the oxygen and carbon dioxide there. - This rapid diffusion can lead to **diffusion hypoxia** (also known as the "second gas effect"), necessitating the administration of 100% oxygen during recovery to prevent this complication.

Q: Critical temperature for liquid nitrogen is ?

-147°C. ***-147°C*** - The **critical temperature** is the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied, no matter how much pressure is applied. For **liquid nitrogen**, this value is approximately **-147°C**. - At temperatures above **-147°C**, nitrogen exists only in its gaseous phase. *36.5°C* - This temperature is close to **human body temperature** and is not relevant to the critical temperature of nitrogen. - Nitrogen would be in a gaseous state at this temperature and below its critical pressure. *-20°C* - While a low temperature, **-20°C** is still well above nitrogen's **critical temperature**. - At **-20°C**, nitrogen would be a gas unless subjected to very high pressures. *-242°C* - This temperature is below the **critical temperature** of nitrogen, but it is also below its **boiling point** of **-196°C**. - At **-242°C**, nitrogen would be a liquid, but this value is not its critical temperature.

Q: What is the most common trigger associated with erythema multiforme?

Herpes simplex. ***Herpes simplex*** - **Herpes simplex virus (HSV)** is the most common precipitating factor for **erythema multiforme**, accounting for **50-60% of identifiable cases**, particularly the recurrent form. - The rash typically appears **10-14 days after an HSV outbreak**, suggesting an immune-mediated reaction. - **HSV-1** is more commonly implicated than HSV-2. *Mycoplasma pneumoniae* - **Mycoplasma pneumoniae** is the **second most common infectious trigger** for erythema multiforme, especially in children and young adults. - EM associated with Mycoplasma typically occurs during or after respiratory infection. - However, it is still less common than HSV as a trigger. *TB* - **Tuberculosis (TB)** is not typically associated with erythema multiforme. - While other infections can trigger erythema multiforme, TB is rarely implicated. *Drugs* - **Drug reactions** are a recognized cause of erythema multiforme, but they are less common than HSV infection as a trigger. - Certain medications like **sulfonamides, anticonvulsants, NSAIDs, and penicillins** are among the drugs that can induce erythema multiforme.

Q: All are seen in Behçet's syndrome except:

Pyoderma gangrenosum. ***Pyoderma gangrenosum*** - While Behçet's syndrome can involve skin lesions, **pyoderma gangrenosum** is not typically part of its diagnostic criteria or common manifestations. - Pyoderma gangrenosum is a distinct neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by rapidly enlarging, painful ulcers. *Erythema nodosum* - **Erythema nodosum** is a common dermatological manifestation in Behçet's syndrome, characterized by tender subcutaneous nodules, usually on the shins. - These lesions reflect the systemic inflammatory nature of the disease in various organs. *Genital ulcers* - **Genital ulcers** are one of the major diagnostic criteria for Behçet's syndrome, often painful and recurrent. - They tend to be deep and can form scars, appearing on the scrotum, penis, labia, or perianal area. *Oral ulcers* - **Recurrent oral aphthous ulcers** are the most common and often the initial symptom of Behçet's syndrome. - These ulcers are typically painful, varying in size, and can occur on any mucosal surface in the mouth.

Q: Which of the following symptoms is least commonly associated with endometriosis?

Vaginal discharge. ***Vaginal discharge*** - **Vaginal discharge** is a symptom more commonly associated with **infections or cervical issues**, rather than endometriosis. - While women with endometriosis may experience occasional discharge, it is **not a primary or characteristic symptom** of the condition itself. *Infertility* - **Infertility** is a very common issue for women with endometriosis, affecting their ability to conceive due to **inflammation, scarring, and anatomical distortion** of reproductive organs. - Endometrial implants can **disrupt ovarian function**, block fallopian tubes, and create a hostile uterine environment. *Chronic pelvic pain* - **Chronic pelvic pain** is the hallmark symptom of endometriosis, often severe and debilitating. - It results from the **inflammation, adhesions, and nerve sensitization** caused by ectopic endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus. *Dyspareunia* - **Dyspareunia**, or **painful intercourse**, is frequently experienced by women with endometriosis. - This symptom typically occurs when endometrial implants are located on the **uterosacral ligaments, posterior cul-de-sac, or rectovaginal septum**, leading to irritation during deep penetration.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a cause of metrorrhagia?

Intramural fibroid. ***Intramural fibroid*** - **Intramural fibroids** are located within the uterine wall and are **primarily associated with menorrhagia** (heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding during regular periods) rather than metrorrhagia. - Their main effect is to increase the endometrial surface area and impair uterine contractility, leading to **heavy regular menstrual flow**. - While they can occasionally cause irregular bleeding if complicated by degeneration or severe distortion, this is **not their typical presentation**, making them the **least characteristic cause** of metrorrhagia among the given options. *Polyp* - **Endometrial polyps** are **classic causes of metrorrhagia** because their friable surface bleeds irregularly, especially with hormonal fluctuations or minor trauma. - They commonly present with **intermenstrual spotting** and post-coital bleeding, making them a typical cause of irregular bleeding. *CA endometrium* - **Endometrial carcinoma** is a **frequent cause of metrorrhagia**, particularly in postmenopausal women, due to irregular shedding of friable malignant tissue. - The abnormal vascular supply and tissue breakdown in cancer results in **unpredictable, irregular bleeding episodes** characteristic of metrorrhagia. *IUD* - **Intrauterine devices** are **well-known causes of metrorrhagia**, particularly copper IUDs, which cause endometrial irritation and increased prostaglandin release. - Both copper and hormonal IUDs frequently cause **spotting and irregular intermenstrual bleeding**, especially in the first 3-6 months after insertion.

Q: What is another name for ischial bursitis?

Weaver's bottom. ***Weaver's bottom*** - This is a common **colloquial term** for ischial bursitis, describing the condition that can arise from prolonged sitting. - The **ischial bursa** lies between the ischial tuberosity and the gluteus maximus, which can become inflamed from pressure. *Prepatellar bursitis* - This refers to inflammation of the bursa located over the **kneecap**. - It is often called **"housemaid's knee"** due to its association with prolonged kneeling. *Trochanteric bursitis* - This is inflammation of the bursa located over the **greater trochanter of the femur**, on the outer side of the hip. - It causes pain in the **lateral hip region**, often radiating down the thigh. *Olecranon bursitis* - This involves inflammation of the bursa located at the **tip of the elbow** (olecranon process). - It is sometimes called **"student's elbow"** or **"miner's elbow"** due to repetitive trauma or pressure.

Q: Which of the following is an orthopedic emergency?

Septic arthritis. ***Septic arthritis*** - This is an **orthopedic emergency** due to the rapid destruction of cartilage and bone if not treated promptly. - It requires urgent **surgical washout** and intravenous antibiotics to prevent irreversible joint damage and systemic infection. *Intraarticular fracture* - While requiring careful management to optimize joint function, an **intraarticular fracture** is typically not an immediate emergency unless there's associated neurovascular compromise or compartment syndrome. - Surgical intervention can often be planned within a certain timeframe (days) rather than hours. *Fracture lateral condyle humerus* - This fracture in children is significant due to potential for non-union or avascular necrosis, but it is not considered an immediate **life- or limb-threatening emergency**. - Management usually involves **reduction and fixation** but does not carry the same degree of urgency as active joint infection. *Fracture neck femur* - A fractured neck of femur requires surgical intervention to prevent complications like **avascular necrosis** and optimize mobility, particularly in elderly patients. - While serious, it primarily presents a risk of long-term disability and complications, not an immediate destructive process like septic arthritis.

Q: The delusion that involves the belief that a familiar person has been replaced by someone else is known as?

Capgras syndrome. ***Capgras syndrome*** - This **delusional misidentification syndrome** is characterized by the belief that a familiar person (e.g., a spouse, child, or parent) has been replaced by an identical imposter. - It often occurs in individuals with **schizophrenia**, **dementia**, or following **brain injury**. *Cotard syndrome* - This syndrome involves a nihilistic delusion where the individual believes they are **dead**, do not exist, or have lost their organs or blood. - It is often associated with severe **depression**, psychosis, or neurological disorders. *Othello syndrome* - Also known as **delusional jealousy**, this involves the unfounded belief that one's partner is being unfaithful. - It is a **primary delusional disorder** but can also be seen in conditions like alcohol dependence or neurodegenerative diseases. *Fregoli syndrome* - This is another **delusional misidentification syndrome** where the person believes that different people are actually the same person in disguise. - It is the opposite of Capgras syndrome and may occur in **schizophrenia** or **organic brain disorders**.

Q: Which of the following is not a feature of psychosis?

Preserved contact with reality. ***Preserved contact with reality*** - Psychosis is fundamentally characterized by a **loss of contact with reality**, making this option a defining non-feature of the condition. - Individuals experiencing psychosis often have profound difficulties distinguishing between what is real and what is not. *Loss of insight* - **Lack of insight** into one's own mental illness is a hallmark feature of psychosis, meaning the affected individual may not recognize their thoughts or perceptions as abnormal. - This symptom contributes to the difficulty in engaging individuals with psychosis in treatment. *Presence of delusions* - **Delusions** are fixed, false beliefs that are resistant to reason or evidence, and they are a core positive symptom of psychosis. - These beliefs are often bizarre and can significantly impair an individual's functioning and perception of reality. *Personality disturbances* - While not a primary diagnostic criterion, **personality disturbances** can be associated with psychotic disorders. - Changes in personality, mood, and behavior may occur as a result of the psychotic experience or the underlying illness.

Question 1

Which of the following statements about Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is true?

Accepted Answer

Least potent inhalational anesthetic

Answer

Lighter than air

Answer

Effective muscle relaxant

Answer

Does not cause diffusion hypoxia

Question 2

Critical temperature for liquid nitrogen is ?

Accepted Answer

-147°C

Answer

36.5°C

Answer

-20°C

Answer

-242°C

Question 3

What is the most common trigger associated with erythema multiforme?

Accepted Answer

Herpes simplex

Answer

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer

TB

Answer

Drugs

Question 4

All are seen in Behçet's syndrome except:

Accepted Answer

Pyoderma gangrenosum

Answer

Erythema nodosum

Answer

Genital ulcers

Answer

Oral ulcers

Question 5

Which of the following symptoms is least commonly associated with endometriosis?

Accepted Answer

Vaginal discharge

Answer

Infertility

Answer

Chronic pelvic pain

Answer

Dyspareunia

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a cause of metrorrhagia?

Accepted Answer

Intramural fibroid

Answer

Polyp

Answer

CA endometrium

Answer

IUD

Question 7

What is another name for ischial bursitis?

Accepted Answer

Weaver's bottom

Answer

Trochanteric bursitis

Answer

Prepatellar bursitis

Answer

Olecranon bursitis

Question 8

Which of the following is an orthopedic emergency?

Accepted Answer

Septic arthritis

Answer

Intraarticular fracture

Answer

Fracture lateral condyle humerus

Answer

Fracture neck femur

Question 9

The delusion that involves the belief that a familiar person has been replaced by someone else is known as?

Accepted Answer

Capgras syndrome

Answer

Cotard syndrome

Answer

Othello syndrome

Answer

Fregoli syndrome

Question 10

Which of the following is not a feature of psychosis?

Accepted Answer

Preserved contact with reality

Answer

Loss of insight

Answer

Personality disturbances

Answer

Presence of delusions

NEET-PG 2013

Anesthesiology

Dermatology

Internal Medicine

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Orthopaedics

Psychiatry