NEET-PG 2013 Practice Questions

Q: Critical temperature of oxygen is?

-118°C. ***-118°C*** - The **critical temperature** is the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied, no matter how much pressure is applied. - For oxygen, its critical temperature is approximately **-118°C**, meaning it can only exist as a gas above this temperature, regardless of pressure. *400°C* - This temperature is significantly **above** the critical temperature of oxygen, so oxygen would always be a gas at this temperature. - It does not represent any specific physical property of oxygen in relation to its phase changes. *20°C* - This temperature is also well **above** oxygen's critical temperature, so oxygen would remain in its gaseous state. - This is approximately room temperature, where oxygen is commonly found as a gas. *36.5°C* - This is close to typical human body temperature and is far **above** the critical temperature of oxygen. - At this temperature, oxygen exists only as a gas.

Q: What is the timing for the highest risk of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) after the insertion of an Intrauterine Device (IUD)?

Within 3 weeks. **Correct Answer: Within 3 weeks** - The highest risk of **Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)** after IUD insertion is typically observed in the **first 20 days (approximately 3 weeks)** post-insertion. - This elevated risk is mainly due to the potential introduction of **bacteria** from the vagina or cervix into the uterus during the insertion process. - Studies show that the risk of PID is **6-fold higher** in the first 20 days compared to later periods. *Incorrect: Within 5 weeks* - While PID can occur after 3 weeks, the **highest incidence** is concentrated in the earlier period (first 3 weeks). - The risk significantly **decreases after the initial weeks**, suggesting that the critical window for bacterial ascent is shorter. *Incorrect: Within 7 weeks* - By 7 weeks, the risk of developing PID attributable to IUD insertion becomes **negligible** compared to the general population. - Most infections that manifest beyond the initial month are usually due to **newly acquired sexually transmitted infections (STIs)**, not the insertion itself. *Incorrect: Within 14 weeks* - At 14 weeks, any PID development is generally **not linked to the IUD insertion event** but rather to other risk factors like new sexual partners or untreated STIs. - The immediate trauma and potential bacterial contamination from the insertion procedure have **long ceased to be the primary cause** of infection.

Q: Acute PID, the most common route of spread?

Ascending infection. ***Ascending infection*** - **Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)** most commonly occurs when microorganisms from the **lower genital tract (vagina, cervix)** ascend into the upper genital tract (uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries). - This upward spread leads to infection and inflammation of the endometrium (endometritis), fallopian tubes (salpingitis), and ovaries (oophoritis). *Descending* - A descending route of infection implies spread from an organ superior to the pelvis, which is not the typical mechanism for acute PID. - While infections can sometimes spread from adjacent structures, direct downward spread from non-genital organs is rare for primary PID. *Lymphatics* - While lymphatic spread can occur in some infections, it is not the primary or most common route for the initial onset of acute PID. - Lymphatic spread is more commonly associated with chronic or severe infections, or specific types of pelvic infections like tuberculosis. *Hematogenous* - Hematogenous spread involves pathogens traveling through the bloodstream to reach the pelvic organs. - This route is less common for typical acute PID but can be seen in cases of systemic infections or specific sexually transmitted infections like tuberculosis.

Q: Which of the following medications is not typically used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction?

Beta blockers. ***Beta blockers*** - **Beta blockers** are primarily used to treat conditions like **hypertension** and **heart disease**. - While they can cause ED as a side effect, they are **not used for its treatment**. *Sildenafil* - **Sildenafil** is a **PDE5 inhibitor** that works by increasing **blood flow to the penis**, facilitating an erection. - It is a **first-line oral medication** widely prescribed for erectile dysfunction. *PG-E* - **PG-E** refers to **Prostaglandin E1** (alprostadil), which can be administered via **intracavernosal injection** or **urethral suppository**. - It directly causes **vasodilation** in the penis, leading to an erection, and is used when oral medications are ineffective or contraindicated. *Papaverine* - **Papaverine** is a **non-specific vasodilator** that can be used as an **intracavernosal injection** for ED. - It works by relaxing **smooth muscle** in the penile arteries, increasing blood flow and inducing an erection, often used in combination with phentolamine.

Q: Which of the following symptoms is NOT included in the diagnostic criteria for DSM-IV-TR somatization disorder?

Visual symptoms. ***Visual symptoms*** - **Visual symptoms** is NOT a separate diagnostic category in DSM-IV-TR somatization disorder criteria. - While visual symptoms (such as **double vision** or **blindness**) ARE part of the diagnostic criteria, they fall under the **pseudoneurological symptom** category, not as a distinct standalone category. - The DSM-IV-TR required **one pseudoneurological symptom** (which could include visual, motor, sensory symptoms, or seizures), but did not list "visual symptoms" as one of the four main symptom categories. *Sexual symptom* - The DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for somatization disorder explicitly included **sexual symptoms** as one of the four main categories. - At least **one sexual symptom** was required (such as sexual indifference, erectile dysfunction, irregular menses, or painful intercourse). *Pain symptom* - The DSM-IV-TR criteria included **pain symptoms** as one of the four main categories. - The criteria required **four pain symptoms** occurring in at least four different sites or functions (e.g., head, abdomen, back, joints, chest). *GI symptom* - The DSM-IV-TR criteria included **gastrointestinal symptoms** as one of the four main categories. - At least **two gastrointestinal symptoms** were required (such as nausea, bloating, vomiting other than during pregnancy, or diarrhea). **Key Point:** The four DSM-IV-TR symptom categories for somatization disorder were: (1) Pain, (2) Gastrointestinal, (3) Sexual, and (4) Pseudoneurological—NOT "visual symptoms" as a separate category.

Q: Astasia-abasia is associated with which of the following conditions?

Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder. ***Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder*** - **Astasia-abasia**, which refers to an inability to stand (astasia) and walk (abasia) despite normal motor function when examined in bed, is a classical presentation of **Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder** (formerly conversion disorder). - This disorder involves neurological symptoms that are incompatible with recognized medical conditions and often linked to **psychological stressors**. - The gait disturbance is bizarre and inconsistent with any known neurological pattern. *Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder* - Characterized by re-experiencing a **traumatic event**, avoidance behaviors, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and hyperarousal. - While it can manifest with physical symptoms, **astasia-abasia** is not a primary or characteristic feature. *Depressive Disorder* - Primarily involves persistent **sadness**, loss of interest or pleasure, changes in appetite or sleep, and feelings of worthlessness or guilt. - Although physical symptoms like fatigue and psychomotor retardation can occur, **astasia-abasia** is not a typical presentation. *Bipolar Mood Disorder* - Distinguished by episodes of both **mania** (or hypomania) and **depression**. - Symptoms are predominantly mood-related, including extreme shifts in energy, activity levels, and concentration, not specific neurological deficits like astasia-abasia.

Q: A student unable to deliver speech before an audience is suffering from?

Social anxiety disorder. ***Social anxiety disorder*** - This condition involves an intense, persistent fear of social situations, particularly those where one might be scrutinized or judged by others. - Public speaking is a classic scenario that can trigger significant distress and avoidance in individuals with **social anxiety disorder**. *Fear of open spaces* - This symptom describes **agoraphobia**, which is an anxiety disorder characterized by fear and avoidance of situations or places that might cause panic, helplessness, or embarrassment, often due to a perceived inability to escape. - While it can sometimes involve fear of public gatherings, its core is about escape/safety from open, unfamiliar, or overwhelming spaces, not specifically about performance. *Fear of enclosed spaces* - This refers to **claustrophobia**, which is an anxiety disorder characterized by an irrational fear of confined spaces. - It does not involve the fear of speaking or performance before an audience. *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder* - **OCD** is characterized by recurrent and persistent thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) performed to reduce anxiety. - It does not typically manifest as an inability to deliver a speech before an audience unless the obsessions or compulsions directly interfere with such an activity, which is not the primary mechanism of this symptom.

Q: What is the drug of choice for treating generalized anxiety disorder?

Buspirone. ***Buspirone*** - **Buspirone** is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic that is effective for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and has a lower risk of dependence and sedation compared to benzodiazepines. - It acts as a partial agonist at **5-HT1A serotonin receptors**, which contributes to its anxiolytic effects without affecting GABAergic systems. *β-blocker* - **β-blockers** are primarily used to manage the **physical symptoms of anxiety**, such as palpitations and tremors, often in performance anxiety, rather than the core cognitive and emotional symptoms of GAD. - They do not address the underlying psychological aspects of generalized anxiety. *Alprazolam* - **Alprazolam** is a **benzodiazepine** that provides rapid relief of anxiety symptoms but carries a significant risk of **dependence, withdrawal, and sedation**, making it less suitable for long-term treatment of GAD. - Due to these risks, benzodiazepines are typically reserved for short-term use or acute anxiety management rather than as a first-line treatment for chronic GAD. *Phenytoin* - **Phenytoin** is an **antiepileptic drug** primarily used to treat seizures and does not have a recognized role in the management of generalized anxiety disorder. - Its mechanism of action involves stabilizing neuronal membranes and is unrelated to the neurochemical pathways targeted in anxiety disorders.

Q: According to DSM-5 criteria, symptoms of brief psychotic disorder must resolve within what time period to differentiate it from longer-term psychotic conditions like schizophreniform disorder?

1 month. ***1 month*** - According to **DSM-5 criteria**, brief psychotic disorder is characterized by symptoms lasting more than **1 day** but less than **1 month**. - If psychotic symptoms persist for **1 month or longer**, it indicates a different diagnosis, such as schizophreniform disorder or schizophrenia, requiring further evaluation. *1 week* - While psychotic symptoms may be present for 1 week in brief psychotic disorder, this duration is within the disorder's diagnostic window but not its defining upper limit. - The key differentiator for brief psychotic disorder is that symptoms resolve within **1 month**. *2 weeks* - Similar to 1 week, 2 weeks is a duration that can occur within brief psychotic disorder, but it does not represent the minimum duration that distinguishes it from longer-term conditions. - The crucial threshold for duration in brief psychotic disorder is **less than 1 month**. *3 weeks* - Three weeks also falls within the diagnostic duration for brief psychotic disorder. - The essential criteria specify that psychotic symptoms must last **less than 1 month** to be classified as brief psychotic disorder.

Question 1

Critical temperature of oxygen is?

Accepted Answer

-118°C

Answer

400°C

Answer

20°C

Answer

36.5°C

Question 2

What is the timing for the highest risk of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) after the insertion of an Intrauterine Device (IUD)?

Accepted Answer

Within 3 weeks

Answer

Within 5 weeks

Answer

Within 7 weeks

Answer

Within 14 weeks

Question 3

Acute PID, the most common route of spread?

Accepted Answer

Ascending infection

Answer

Descending

Answer

Lymphatics

Answer

Hematogenous

Question 4

Which of the following medications is not typically used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

Beta blockers

Answer

Papaverine

Answer

Sildenafil

Answer

PG-E

Question 5

Which of the following symptoms is NOT included in the diagnostic criteria for DSM-IV-TR somatization disorder?

Accepted Answer

Visual symptoms

Answer

Sexual symptom

Answer

Pain symptom

Answer

GI symptom

Question 6

Astasia-abasia is associated with which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder

Answer

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Answer

Depressive Disorder

Answer

Bipolar Mood Disorder

Question 7

A student unable to deliver speech before an audience is suffering from?

Accepted Answer

Social anxiety disorder

Answer

Fear of open spaces

Answer

Fear of enclosed spaces

Answer

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Question 8

What is the drug of choice for treating generalized anxiety disorder?

Accepted Answer

Buspirone

Answer

Alprazolam

Answer

Phenytoin

Answer

β-blocker

Question 9

Which of the following disorders is classified under somatic symptom and related disorders in the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)

Answer

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer

Phobic disorders (e.g., social anxiety disorder)

Answer

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Question 10

According to DSM-5 criteria, symptoms of brief psychotic disorder must resolve within what time period to differentiate it from longer-term psychotic conditions like schizophreniform disorder?

Accepted Answer

1 month

Answer

1 week

Answer

3 weeks

Answer

2 weeks

NEET-PG 2013

Anesthesiology

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Pharmacology

Psychiatry