NEET-PG 2012 — Psychiatry

Q: Simian crease is not seen in which of the following?

Atopic dermatitis. ***Atopic dermatitis*** - **Atopic dermatitis** is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by **eczematous lesions** and **itching**, and does not involve congenital hand abnormalities. - A **Simian crease** (single palmar crease) is a feature associated with certain chromosomal disorders, not skin conditions. *Down* - **Down syndrome** (Trisomy 21) is strongly associated with the presence of a **Simian crease**, along with other distinctive facial and physical features. - This chromosomal anomaly affects development and often results in characteristic dermatoglyphic patterns. *Trisomy 13* - **Trisomy 13** (Patau syndrome) is a severe chromosomal disorder that frequently presents with a **Simian crease** as one of its many congenital abnormalities. - Other features include **polydactyly**, **cleft lip/palate**, and severe intellectual disability. *Trisomy 18* - **Trisomy 18** (Edwards syndrome) is another severe chromosomal disorder commonly associated with a **Simian crease**. - Other features include **clenched fists with overlapping fingers**, **rocker-bottom feet**, and severe intellectual disability. *Noonan syndrome* - While not as classically associated as Down or Trisomy 13, **Noonan syndrome** can sometimes include a **Simian crease** among its varied developmental features. - It is a genetic condition characterized by distinctive facial features, **short stature**, and heart defects, rather than a chromosomal anomaly. [Practice more Psychiatry PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of LEOPARD syndrome?

Hypergonadism. ***Hypergonadism*** - **LEOPARD syndrome** is characterized by **hypogonadism** (underdevelopment or dysfunction of the gonads) and delayed puberty, not hypergonadism. - The acronym LEOPARD stands for multiple clinical features which include **L**entigines, **E**CG conduction abnormalities, **O**cular hypertelorism, **P**ulmonary stenosis, **A**bnormal genitalia, **R**etardation of growth, and **D**eafness. *Growth retardation* - **Retardation of growth** is a defining characteristic of LEOPARD syndrome, often manifesting as short stature. - This is part of the "R" in the LEOPARD acronym, indicating a failure to achieve normal growth milestones. *ECG changes* - **ECG conduction abnormalities** (such as prolonged PR interval, bundle branch block, or Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) are primary diagnostic features. - These cardiac issues can be significant and contribute to the morbidity associated with the syndrome. *Hypertelorism* - **Ocular hypertelorism**, meaning widely spaced eyes, is a common facial dysmorphism found in individuals with LEOPARD syndrome. - This feature is represented by the "O" in the LEOPARD acronym, along with other craniofacial anomalies. *Lentigines* - **Lentigines** are multiple pigmented macules (small, flat, darkened spots) that are the hallmark dermatologic feature of LEOPARD syndrome. - These represent the "L" in the LEOPARD acronym and are typically present from early childhood, increasing in number with age. [Practice more Psychiatry PYQs on OnCourse]

2 Previous Year Questions with Answers & Explanations

Questions

Simian crease is not seen in which of the following?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of LEOPARD syndrome?