NEET-PG 2012 - Pediatrics PYQs Practice Questions

Q: What is the most common presentation of tuberculosis (TB) in children?

Hilar adenopathy. ***Hilar adenopathy*** - **Hilar adenopathy** is the most common radiographic finding in children with **primary tuberculosis**, reflecting lymph node involvement. - This is often accompanied by a small parenchymal lesion, forming the **Ghon complex**. *Abscess* - While TB can cause abscesses (e.g., cold abscesses in bone or soft tissue), it's not the **most common initial presentation** of primary childhood TB. - Abscess formation suggests a more **advanced or extrapulmonary** manifestation. *Consolidation* - **Consolidation** can be seen in adult-type or progressive primary TB, but it is less frequent than hilar adenopathy as the **initial presentation** in children. - It indicates **pneumonia-like changes** due to parenchymal inflammation. *CNS tuberculosis* - **Central Nervous System (CNS) tuberculosis** (e.g., tuberculous meningitis or tuberculoma) is a severe, extrapulmonary form of TB. - It is a **serious complication** rather than the most common initial presentation in children. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the frequency of renal involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)?

40-60%. ***40-60%*** - Renal involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is common, affecting approximately **40-60% of patients**. - Renal complications can range from microscopic hematuria to proteinuria, and in some cases, **progressive glomerulonephritis** leading to renal failure. *25-35%* - This percentage underestimates the actual frequency of **renal complications** in HSP. - While mild symptoms might fall within this range, a broader spectrum of renal manifestations is observed. *60-80%* - This percentage overestimates the reported frequency of **renal involvement** in HSP. - Although it is common, a majority of patients do not develop renal symptoms. *5-10%* - This range is too low for the frequency of **renal involvement** in HSP. - Even though it's benign in many cases, some form of renal pathology like hematuria is quite frequent. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the venous hematocrit level at which you will diagnose polycythemia in a newborn?

65%. ***Correct: 65%*** - **Polycythemia** in a newborn is typically diagnosed when the **venous hematocrit** is **≥65%**. - This threshold indicates an abnormally high concentration of **red blood cells**, increasing blood viscosity. *Incorrect: 55%* - A venous hematocrit of 55% is generally considered within the **normal range** for a newborn, especially within the first few hours of life. - It does not meet the criteria for diagnosing **polycythemia**. *Incorrect: 60%* - While 60% is elevated compared to adult norms, it is still generally within the higher end of the **normal range** for an infant. - This level alone is usually **not sufficient** to diagnose **polycythemia** or warrant intervention without other clinical signs. *Incorrect: 70%* - A venous hematocrit of 70% definitely indicates **polycythemia** and significant **hyperviscosity**. - However, the diagnostic threshold for polycythemia is **65%**, meaning the condition is identified earlier. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Congenital varicella infection causes all except:

Macrocephaly. ***Macrocephaly*** - **Macrocephaly** is generally not a direct consequence of congenital varicella infection; rather, **microcephaly** due to brain damage is more commonly observed. - Congenital varicella typically causes destructive lesions leading to tissue loss, not increased head circumference. *Cortical atrophy* - **Cortical atrophy** results from the destructive effects of the virus on the developing brain, leading to **neuronal loss** and reduced brain volume. - This can manifest as **microcephaly**, an indirect but common finding associated with congenital varicella. *Cicatrix* - **Cicatrix** (zig-zag scarring) is a classic dermatological manifestation of congenital varicella, resulting from the virus's impact on developing skin. - These characteristic **skin lesions** are one of the most identifiable features of the syndrome. *Limb hypoplasia* - **Limb hypoplasia**, involving underdeveloped limbs, is a hallmark feature of congenital varicella, often due to **viral damage** to limb buds and associated neural structures. - This can lead to **bone shortening** and muscle atrophy in affected limbs. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: When should breastfeeding be initiated after a normal delivery?

Immediately after delivery. **Correct: Immediately after delivery** - Initiating breastfeeding **within the first hour** of birth (early initiation) is crucial for establishing **successful lactation** and promoting optimal infant health. - This early initiation allows for **skin-to-skin contact**, which helps stabilize the newborn's temperature, heart rate, and breathing, and facilitates **bonding** between mother and baby. - Aligned with **WHO and UNICEF recommendations** for best practice in postpartum care. *Incorrect: 2 hours after delivery* - While earlier is generally better, waiting two hours misses the **optimal window** for initiating feeding and bonding. - The newborn's **alert period** is typically strongest in the first hour post-birth, making it an ideal time for the first latch. *Incorrect: 4 hours after delivery* - Delaying breastfeeding by four hours can make it more challenging for the baby to latch effectively as they may have passed their **initial alert state** and become sleepy. - This delay can also hinder the establishment of the mother's **milk supply**, as stimulation from early feeding is important for prolactin release. *Incorrect: 6 hours after delivery* - Waiting six hours significantly **misses the critical window** for early initiation and can lead to increased difficulties with breastfeeding. - Prolonged delays may necessitate supplementation, potentially interfering with exclusive breastfeeding and establishing a **strong milk supply**. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

What is the most common presentation of tuberculosis (TB) in children?

Accepted Answer

Hilar adenopathy

Answer

Abscess

Answer

Consolidation

Answer

CNS tuberculosis

Question 2

What is the frequency of renal involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)?

Accepted Answer

40-60%

Answer

25-35%

Answer

60-80%

Answer

5-10%

Question 3

What is the venous hematocrit level at which you will diagnose polycythemia in a newborn?

Accepted Answer

65%

Answer

55%

Answer

60%

Answer

70%

Question 4

Congenital varicella infection causes all except:

Accepted Answer

Macrocephaly

Answer

Cortical atrophy

Answer

Cicatrix

Answer

Limb hypoplasia

Question 5

When should breastfeeding be initiated after a normal delivery?

Accepted Answer

Immediately after delivery

Answer

2 hours after delivery

Answer

4 hours after delivery

Answer

6 hours after delivery

Question 6

What is the amount of protein (in grams) in human milk per 100 milliliters?

Accepted Answer

1.1

Answer

2.2

Answer

3.3

Answer

4.4

Question 7

An XX baby presenting with male genitalia (penis and scrotum) is likely due to which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

High level of testosterone in maternal blood

Answer

Turner syndrome

Answer

None of the options

Answer

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 8

What is the recommended CPR ratio for infants when performed by 2 rescuers?

Accepted Answer

15 : 2

Answer

30 : 2

Answer

1 : 3

Answer

1 : 5

Question 9

Rubella is known to cause all of the following conditions except:

Accepted Answer

Glaucoma

Answer

Conduction defects

Answer

VSD

Answer

Microcephaly

Question 10

At what age do children typically begin to say short sentences of 4-5 words?

Accepted Answer

4 years

Answer

2 years

Answer

3 years

Answer

5 years

NEET-PG 2012 — Pediatrics