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NEET-PG 2012 — Pathology

Q: Lendrum's stain is done for:

Amniotic fluid embolism. ***Amniotic fluid embolism*** - **Lendrum's stain** (MSB - Martius Scarlet Blue) is specifically used to identify **fibrin**, **mucin**, and **squamous cells** in the pulmonary vasculature, which are characteristic findings in amniotic fluid embolism. [1] - This stain excellently demonstrates **fibrin** (stains red) and helps visualize components of amniotic fluid that embolize to the mother's lungs, leading to a severe, often fatal, obstetric emergency. [1] - Lendrum's method is particularly valuable in forensic pathology and autopsy diagnosis of this condition. *Air embolism* - Air embolism diagnosis relies on identifying **air bubbles** in the cardiovascular system, often confirmed by imaging studies or direct visualization during autopsy. [1] - Special stains are not typically used for direct detection of air in tissue sections. *Pulmonary embolism* - Pulmonary embolism, typically caused by a **blood clot**, is diagnosed by identifying **fibrin** and **red blood cells** within pulmonary arteries, often with stains like hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). [1] - While Lendrum's stain can demonstrate fibrin, it is specifically employed when amniotic fluid embolism is suspected, not for routine thromboembolic disease. *Fat embolism* - **Fat embolism** is diagnosed by demonstrating **fat globules** in the pulmonary microvasculature using **fat stains** like **Oil Red O** or **Sudan Black**, usually on frozen sections. - Lendrum's stain does not specifically highlight fat emboli. **References:** [1] Cross SS. Underwood's Pathology: A Clinical Approach. 6th ed. Common Clinical Problems From Respiratory Tract Disease, pp. 322-324.

Q: Rokitansky protuberances are seen in -

Teratoma. ***Teratoma*** - **Rokitansky protuberance** (mural nodule or dermoid plug) is a raised solid area found within a **mature cystic teratoma**, particularly in the ovary [1]. - It often contains various tissues derived from the three germ layers such as **hair**, **sebaceous glands**, bone, and teeth [3]. *Papillary carcinoma* - Characterized by **papillary projections** formed by tumor cells, often seen in thyroid, kidney, or ovary. - While it can have protuberances, these are **composed of malignant cells** and lack the diverse tissue components of a Rokitansky protuberance. *Epidermoid cyst* - A benign cyst lined by **stratified squamous epithelium** and filled with keratin debris, typically located in the skin or skull. - These cysts do not form internal protuberances with heterogeneous tissue types like those seen in teratomas. *Mucinous carcinoma* - A malignant tumor characterized by the production of **mucin**, often affecting the ovary, colon, or breast [2]. - Lesions are typically filled with mucinous material or present as mucinous masses, and do not contain the specific solid Rokitansky protuberance. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. The Female Genital Tract, p. 1034. [2] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. The Female Genital Tract, pp. 1033-1034. [3] Cross SS. Underwood's Pathology: A Clinical Approach. 6th ed. Common Clinical Problems From Female Genital Tract Disease, pp. 480-481.

82 Questions — Page 9 of 9

Q81

Lendrum's stain is done for:

Q82

Rokitansky protuberances are seen in -