NEET-PG 2012 - Community Medicine Practice Questions

Q: Best for Incineration of infectious waste?

Double - chamber. ***Correct: Double-chamber*** - **Double-chamber incinerators** are considered the best for infectious waste as they allow for complete combustion in two stages. - The first chamber burns the waste at a lower temperature (800°C), while the second chamber burns the remaining gases at a higher temperature (>1050°C), ensuring destruction of pathogens and minimizing emissions. - They are the standard recommendation under **Biomedical Waste Management Rules** for infectious waste disposal. *Incorrect: Triple-chamber* - While more advanced, **triple-chamber incinerators** are often overkill for standard infectious waste and are typically used for more complex or hazardous waste streams, or for very large volumes. - Their additional complexity and cost may not be justified for routine infectious waste disposal compared to double-chamber units. *Incorrect: Single-chamber* - **Single-chamber incinerators** are less efficient in burning infectious waste completely due to inadequate temperature control and gas retention time. - They tend to produce more harmful emissions and ash, making them unsuitable for effective and safe disposal of infectious materials. *Incorrect: None of the options* - This option is incorrect because **double-chamber incinerators** are specifically designed and widely recommended for the effective and safe incineration of infectious waste.

Q: The arthropod vector BEST KNOWN for transovarian transmission of multiple pathogens is -

Ticks. ***Ticks*** - Ticks are well-known for their diverse modes of pathogen transmission, including **transovarian transmission**, where pathogens are passed from an infected female tick to her offspring through the eggs. - This mechanism is crucial for the maintenance and spread of several tick-borne diseases, such as **Rocky Mountain spotted fever (caused by *Rickettsia rickettsii*)** and **Babesiosis** (caused by *Babesia* species). *Fleas* - Fleas are primarily known for transmitting pathogens such as *Yersinia pestis* (causing **plague**) and *Rickettsia typhi* (causing **murine typhus**) through their bites, but transovarian transmission is not their primary mode. - They typically transmit pathogens through **regurgitation** during feeding or by their **feces** being rubbed into the bite wound. *Sandfly* - Sandflies are vectors for diseases like **leishmaniasis**, caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus *Leishmania*. - They transmit these pathogens through **saliva** during blood meals, but transovarian transmission is not a significant feature of their lifecycle. *Mosquitoes* - Mosquitoes are vectors for a wide range of diseases, including **malaria**, **dengue**, **Zika**, and **West Nile virus**, primarily through the **injection of saliva** during blood feeding. - While some arboviruses can exhibit transovarian transmission in mosquitoes, it is not as prominent or broadly impactful across multiple pathogens as it is in ticks.

Q: The population norm for a trained health aide is:

1000. ***1000*** - According to public health guidelines, a single **trained health aide** is typically designated to serve a population of approximately **1,000 individuals**. - This staffing level allows for effective outreach, basic health services, and community engagement in primary healthcare. *5000* - A population of **5,000** would generally require multiple health aides or a more comprehensive primary health unit with a larger staff. - This ratio is too high for a single health aide to provide adequate care and coverage. *100000* - A population of **100,000** is far too large for a single trained health aide to manage, requiring an extensive healthcare system with numerous professionals. - This number represents a district or sub-district level population, not the responsibility of one aide. *30000* - Serving **30,000** people would be an impossible task for one health aide, as it far exceeds the standard allocation for community-level health services. - This population size usually necessitates a full-fledged primary health center or hospital.

Q: Ujjawala scheme is for prevention of

Child trafficking. **Child trafficking** - The **Ujjawala scheme** is a comprehensive project of the Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India, aimed at **preventing, rescuing, rehabilitating, reintegrating, and repatriating victims of human trafficking**, particularly women and children. - It addresses the severe human rights violation of **trafficking** by providing safe shelter, basic necessities, counseling, and vocational training to survivors. *Child marriage* - While child marriage is a serious issue, the primary focus of the **Ujjawala scheme** is on **combating human trafficking**, not specifically child marriage. - Other schemes like the **Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006**, and various advocacy programs specifically target the prevention of child marriage. *Child abuse* - The **Ujjawala scheme** aims to help victims of trafficking, which often includes elements of abuse, but its direct mandate is focused on **trafficking as a whole**, not all forms of child abuse. - Other legislative frameworks and programs, such as the **Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012**, directly address child abuse. *Child labour* - Although children involved in trafficking may be forced into child labor, the **Ujjawala scheme's** overarching objective is to tackle **human trafficking** in its entirety. - Specific efforts to combat child labor are primarily addressed by legislation like the **Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986**, and various campaigns against child exploitation.

Question 1

Best for Incineration of infectious waste?

Accepted Answer

Double - chamber

Answer

Triple - chamber

Answer

Single - chamber

Answer

None of the options

Question 2

The arthropod vector BEST KNOWN for transovarian transmission of multiple pathogens is -

Accepted Answer

Ticks

Answer

Fleas

Answer

Sandfly

Answer

Mosquitoes

Question 3

The population norm for a trained health aide is:

Accepted Answer

1000

Answer

5000

Answer

100000

Answer

30000

Question 4

Ujjawala scheme is for prevention of

Accepted Answer

Child trafficking

Answer

Child marriage

Answer

Child abuse

Answer

Child labour

NEET-PG 2012 — Community Medicine