FMGE 2019 - Community Medicine Practice Questions

Q: Components of Kuppuswamy scale include:

Income, Occupation, Education. ***Income, Occupation, Education*** - The **Kuppuswamy scale** is a widely used tool in India for classifying the socioeconomic status of families. - It considers **income**, **occupation**, and **education** levels to assign a score. *Income, Housing, Education* - While income and education are components, **housing** is not a primary factor in the original Kuppuswamy scale. - Housing quality and type can be indicators of socioeconomic status, but they are not directly integrated into this specific scale. *Housing, Livestock, land* - None of these are direct components of the **Kuppuswamy scale** for socioeconomic classification. - These factors might be relevant for rural socioeconomic status but are not part of this specific urban-focused scale. *Income, Livestock, Housing* - While income is a component, **livestock** and **housing** are not included in the original Kuppuswamy scale. - This combination of factors would likely be more appropriate for assessing socioeconomic status in agricultural or rural settings.

Q: Anthracosis is caused by:

Coal dust. ***Coal dust*** - **Anthracosis** is a lung condition resulting from the accumulation of **coal dust** particles in the lungs. - It is a common finding in coal miners, hence the term **coal worker's pneumoconiosis**. *Sugar cane waste* - Inhalation of **sugar cane waste** can lead to **bagassosis**, a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. - Bagassosis is caused by an immunological reaction to organic dust, not inert particle build-up like anthracosis. *Asbestos* - Exposure to **asbestos** fibers causes **asbestosis**, a severe fibrotic lung disease. - Asbestosis is also linked to an increased risk of lung cancer and **mesothelioma**. *Silica* - Inhalation of **crystalline silica** dust results in **silicosis**, characterized by lung nodule formation and fibrosis. - Occupations involving mining, quarrying, and construction are at high risk for silicosis.

Q: On republic day, a camp was organized and people were screened for Hypertension by checking BP and for diabetes by checking their BMI and Blood sugar level, which level of prevention is this?

Secondary. ***Secondary*** - This level of prevention focuses on **early detection** and prompt treatment of a disease to halt or slow its progression. - **Screening for hypertension and diabetes** through BP checks, BMI, and blood sugar levels aims to identify these conditions in their early stages before overt symptoms appear. *Tertiary* - This level of prevention involves measures to **reduce the impact** of an established disease, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. - Examples include rehabilitation programs or medications for long-term disease management, which are not described in the scenario. *Primary* - This level of prevention aims to **prevent a disease from occurring** in the first place, typically by addressing risk factors. - Examples include vaccination, health education on healthy eating, or promoting physical activity to prevent the development of hypertension or diabetes. *Primordial* - This is the **earliest level of prevention**, targeting the underlying social, environmental, and economic conditions that contribute to risk factors for disease. - It involves interventions to *prevent the emergence of risk factors* in populations, such as broad public health policies or community-wide initiatives.

Q: Sustainable Development Goals are designed by:

United Nations. ***United Nations*** - The **Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)** were developed and adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. - They build upon the success of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and address global challenges, including those related to poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace, and justice. *WHO* - The **World Health Organization (WHO)** is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. - While WHO plays a crucial role in implementing health-related SDGs (specifically SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being), it did not design the entire framework of all 17 SDGs. *UNICEF* - **UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund)** is a United Nations agency dedicated to providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide. - UNICEF contributes significantly to achieving several SDGs, particularly those focused on children's well-being, education, and health, but it was not the sole designer of the SDGs. *Government of India* - The **Government of India** is a sovereign government responsible for governing India. - While India is a member state of the United Nations and is committed to achieving the SDGs within its national context, it did not design the global framework of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Q: N95 mask is used for:

aerosol. ***aerosol*** - **N95 masks** are specifically designed to filter out at least 95% of **airborne particles** (aerosols) 0.3 microns or larger. - This level of filtration is crucial for protecting against diseases transmitted via **aerosolized droplets**, such as tuberculosis or COVID-19. *respiratory droplets* - While an N95 mask can filter respiratory droplets, it is primarily designed for smaller **aerosol particles** that can remain suspended in the air. - **Surgical masks** are generally adequate for blocking larger respiratory droplets, preventing splash and splatter. *Dust* - While an N95 mask can filter dust, it is an **overkill** for most common dust exposures. - A simple **dust mask** or even a surgical mask can provide adequate protection against larger dust particles. *in general* - This option is too broad; N95 masks are specifically used when there's a risk of exposure to **aerosolized infectious agents** or **fine particulate matter**. - Their use is typically reserved for settings where **aerosol-generating procedures** are performed or when caring for patients with **airborne diseases**.

Q: In Africa, vaccination was given in an endemic outbreak area for a specific disease but due to shortage of vaccines, mass chemoprophylaxis treatment was given to people who were not diseased. Which type of prevention is this?

Specific protection. ***Specific protection*** - **Vaccination** directly prevents disease, fitting into the criteria of specific protection. - **Mass chemoprophylaxis** aims to prevent disease in healthy individuals in an endemic area, which is also a form of specific protection. *Rehabilitation* - This involves measures to restore function and well-being after a disease has occurred and caused disability. - It does not involve preventing the initial onset of disease, as described in the scenario. *Health promotion* - Health promotion includes broad interventions like education, lifestyle changes, and environmental modifications to improve overall health and prevent disease indirectly. - It is not as targeted as vaccination or chemoprophylaxis against a specific disease. *Early diagnosis and treatment* - This level of prevention focuses on identifying and treating a disease in its early stages to prevent its progression and complications. - The scenario describes preventing disease in healthy individuals, not treating existing cases.

Q: Patients are categorized on the basis of chances of survival in Disaster management:

Triage. ***Triage*** - **Triage** is the process of sorting and prioritizing patients based on the severity of their injuries and their chances of survival, especially in mass casualty incidents or disasters. - This system ensures that limited resources are allocated to maximize the number of survivors and provide the most effective care. *Tagging* - **Tagging** refers to the physical labeling of patients after they have been triaged, using color-coded tags (e.g., red for immediate, yellow for delayed, green for minor, black for expectant). - It is a result of the triage process, not the process of categorization itself. *Mitigation* - **Mitigation** involves measures taken to reduce the impact of a disaster or emergency, such as constructing earthquake-resistant buildings or developing flood control systems. - It focuses on preventing or lessening the severity of a disaster before it occurs, rather than categorizing patients. *Surge capacity* - **Surge capacity** is the ability of a healthcare system to expand its services and resources in response to an unexpected influx of patients, such as during a pandemic or mass casualty event. - It refers to the operational capability of the system, not the method of patient categorization.

Q: Which is not a contraindication for OPV?

Diarrhoea. ***Diarrhoea*** - **Diarrhoea** is not considered a contraindication for OPV; while it may reduce vaccine efficacy, the vaccine should still be administered. - Minor illnesses, including mild **gastrointestinal upset**, are not reasons to defer vaccination. *Leukemia* - **Leukemia** is a **malignancy** of the blood cells, leading to an **immunocompromised state**. - Live vaccines like OPV are generally **contraindicated** in individuals with leukemia due to the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP). *Malignancy* - Children with **malignancies**, especially those undergoing treatment like **chemotherapy** or **radiation**, are often **immunocompromised**. - Live oral vaccines are typically **contraindicated** in these patients to prevent serious infections from the live attenuated virus. *Immunocompromised* - Being **immunocompromised**, whether due to disease (e.g., HIV, primary immunodeficiency) or medication (e.g., high-dose corticosteroids), is a **contraindication** for live attenuated vaccines like OPV. - The weakened immune system cannot effectively clear the vaccine virus, leading to a higher risk of **serious infection** or **vaccine-associated paralysis**.

Question 1

Components of Kuppuswamy scale include:

Accepted Answer

Income, Occupation, Education

Answer

Income, Housing, Education

Answer

Housing, Livestock, land

Answer

Income, Livestock, Housing

Question 2

Anthracosis is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Coal dust

Answer

Sugar cane waste

Answer

Asbestos

Answer

Silica

Question 3

On republic day, a camp was organized and people were screened for Hypertension by checking BP and for diabetes by checking their BMI and Blood sugar level, which level of prevention is this?

Accepted Answer

Secondary

Answer

Tertiary

Answer

Primary

Answer

Primordial

Question 4

Sustainable Development Goals are designed by:

Accepted Answer

United Nations

Answer

WHO

Answer

UNICEF

Answer

Government of India

Question 5

N95 mask is used for:

Accepted Answer

aerosol

Answer

respiratory droplets

Answer

Dust

Answer

in general

Question 6

In Africa, vaccination was given in an endemic outbreak area for a specific disease but due to shortage of vaccines, mass chemoprophylaxis treatment was given to people who were not diseased. Which type of prevention is this?

Accepted Answer

Specific protection

Answer

Rehabilitation

Answer

Health promotion

Answer

Early diagnosis and treatment

Question 7

Patients are categorized on the basis of chances of survival in Disaster management:

Accepted Answer

Triage

Answer

Tagging

Answer

Mitigation

Answer

Surge capacity

Question 8

According to WHO International Health Regulations, which disease requires immediate notification due to its epidemic potential and international spread risk?

Accepted Answer

Yellow fever

Answer

Malaria

Answer

HIV

Answer

Polio

Question 9

Which is not a contraindication for OPV?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhoea

Answer

Leukemia

Answer

Malignancy

Answer

Immunocompromised

FMGE 2019 — Community Medicine