UPSC-CMS 2014 - Pediatrics PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Optimum age for surgery for a child with cleft lip is:

3 - 6 months. ***3 - 6 months*** - This age range allows the infant to **grow sufficiently** and gain weight, which is important for tolerating anesthesia and surgery. - It's also early enough to minimize the development of **feeding difficulties** and **speech problems** often associated with unrepaired cleft lips. *4 weeks* - At 4 weeks, infants are generally considered too young and **fragile** for cleft lip repair due to their small size and immature physiological systems. - The risk of **anesthesia-related complications** and surgical stress is higher in very young infants. *4 - 6 weeks* - Similar to 4 weeks, this period is still too early for optimal surgical outcomes, as the infant's facial structures are still developing and they may not have reached an adequate weight. - Waiting a few more months allows for better **wound healing** and reduces the overall risks associated with the procedure. *6 - 18 months* - While cleft lip repair can be done during this period, it's generally considered **later than optimal** for isolated cleft lip. - Delaying surgery beyond 6 months can increase the likelihood of developing **feeding and speech issues**, as well as potential psycho-social impacts. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Consider the following conditions: 1. Otitis media 2. Speech problems 3. Dentition abnormalities Which of the above is/are associated with cleft palate?

1, 2 and 3. ***1, 2 and 3*** - All three conditions—**otitis media, speech problems, and dentition abnormalities**—are commonly associated with **cleft palate** due to anatomical and functional disruptions. - The abnormal palatal structure affects Eustachian tube function, speech articulation, and proper tooth development and alignment. *1 and 3 only* - This option incorrectly excludes **speech problems**, which are a very common and significant consequence of cleft palate. - The inability of the palate to close off the nasal cavity during speech leads to hypernasality and articulatory difficulties. *2 and 3 only* - This option incorrectly excludes **otitis media**, which is a frequent complication in individuals with cleft palate due to impaired **Eustachian tube function**. - The muscle attachments involving the soft palate and Eustachian tube orifice are often anomalous, leading to chronic middle ear fluid and infections. *1 only* - This option is incomplete as it only includes **otitis media**, while **speech problems** and **dentition abnormalities** are also major and well-documented sequelae of cleft palate. - The structural defect impacts multiple orofacial and auditory functions. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Neo-natal infection in a Hepatitis 'B' positive pregnant woman can be prevented by administering:

Vaccine and Immunoglobulin. ***Vaccine and Immunoglobulin*** - Administering both the **Hepatitis B vaccine** and **Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)** provides both active and passive immunity to the newborn. - This combination is crucial for preventing perinatal transmission of HBV from an infected mother, significantly reducing the risk of the baby becoming a chronic carrier. *Hepatitis 'B' vaccine* - The vaccine alone provides **active immunity**, which takes time to develop, thus not offering immediate protection against acute exposure at birth. - While essential for long-term protection, it's insufficient as a sole measure for newborns at high risk of immediate infection. *Immunoglobulin* - **Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)** provides **passive immunity**, offering immediate but short-term protection. - It contains pre-formed antibodies that neutralize the virus, but it does not confer lasting immunity. *Corticosteroids* - **Corticosteroids** are used as anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive agents and have no role in preventing viral infections like Hepatitis B. - Their use in this context would be inappropriate and could even be harmful. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following are the features of Rubella? 1. Rashes appear within 24 hours of onset of symptoms 2. Incubation period is 2 – 3 weeks 3. False membrane is formed in throat 4. Post auricular lymph nodes enlarge Select the correct answer using the code given below:

2 and 4 only. ***Correct: 2 and 4 only*** - **Incubation period of 2-3 weeks** is accurate for rubella (14-21 days) - **Postauricular lymphadenopathy** along with suboccipital and posterior cervical lymph node enlargement are **classic hallmark features** of rubella, often appearing before the rash - These two features correctly identify rubella infection *Incorrect: 1, 2 and 4* - While statements 2 and 4 are correct, **statement 1 is medically inaccurate** - The rubella rash does NOT appear within 24 hours of symptom onset - Rubella typically has a **prodromal period of 1-5 days** with low-grade fever and malaise before the rash appears - The rash spreads from face to trunk within 24 hours, but this is different from appearing within 24 hours of initial symptoms *Incorrect: 2 and 3 only* - While the incubation period (statement 2) is correct, **false membrane formation in the throat** is characteristic of **diphtheria**, not rubella - Rubella does not cause pseudomembranous pharyngitis - This option also omits the classic postauricular lymphadenopathy *Incorrect: 1, 2 and 3* - Statement 1 is inaccurate regarding rash timing - Statement 3 describes diphtheria, not rubella - Only statement 2 (incubation period) is correct in this combination [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Optimum age for surgery for a child with cleft lip is:

Accepted Answer

3 - 6 months

Answer

4 weeks

Answer

4 - 6 weeks

Answer

6 - 18 months

Question 2

Consider the following conditions:

1. Otitis media
2. Speech problems
3. Dentition abnormalities
Which of the above is/are associated with cleft palate?

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1 and 3 only

Answer

2 and 3 only

Answer

1 only

Question 3

Neo-natal infection in a Hepatitis 'B' positive pregnant woman can be prevented by administering:

Accepted Answer

Vaccine and Immunoglobulin

Answer

Hepatitis 'B' vaccine

Answer

Immunoglobulin

Answer

Corticosteroids

Question 4

Which of the following are the features of Rubella?

1. Rashes appear within 24 hours of onset of symptoms
2. Incubation period is 2 – 3 weeks
3. False membrane is formed in throat
4. Post auricular lymph nodes enlarge

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

2 and 4 only

Answer

2 and 3 only

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

UPSC-CMS 2014 — Pediatrics