NEET-PG 2013 - Ophthalmology PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Cataract is caused by all except:

MRI. ***MRI*** - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses powerful **magnetic fields** and radio waves to generate images, which are not known to cause cataracts. - The energy used in MRI is **non-ionizing** and does not directly damage lens proteins. *Ultraviolet radiation* - Prolonged exposure to **UV-B radiation** is a significant risk factor for the development of various types of cataracts, especially cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts. - UV radiation can cause oxidative damage to lens proteins and lipids, leading to their aggregation and opacification. *Infrared radiation* - Chronic exposure to high levels of **infrared (IR) radiation**, such as that experienced by glassblowers or steelworkers, can lead to "glassblower's cataract" or "heat cataract." - IR radiation causes thermal damage to the lens, particularly the anterior capsule and subcapsular region. *Microwave radiation* - High-intensity **microwave radiation** has been implicated in the formation of cataracts, particularly in occupational exposure scenarios. - It causes thermal effects within the lens due to absorption of energy, leading to protein denaturation and opacification. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Large, white keratic precipitates (mutton-fat KPs) are characteristically seen in?

Granulomatous uveitis. ***Granulomatous uveitis*** - **Mutton-fat keratic precipitates (KPs)** are large, greasy-appearing white deposits on the corneal endothelium, characteristic of **granulomatous inflammation**. - These KPs are composed of macrophages and epithelioid cells, reflecting a **chronic, cell-mediated immune response** seen in granulomatous conditions. *Hemorrhagic uveitis* - This condition involves significant **intraocular bleeding**, which would manifest as hyphema or vitreous hemorrhage, not mutton-fat KPs. - While inflammation may be present, the defining feature is blood, which obscures vision differently than KPs. *Old healed uveitis* - After uveitis heals, KP morphology can change, often appearing smaller, more pigmented, or forming distinct patterns such as **Arlt's triangle**, but not typically actively large, white mutton-fat KPs. - Healed KPs often reflect a less active or resolved inflammatory process, unlike fresh mutton-fat KPs. *Acute anterior uveitis* - This typically presents with smaller, finer, and more numerous **non-granulomatous KPs** (sometimes called "stellate KPs"), in contrast to the large, greasy mutton-fat KPs. - The inflammation is usually acute and less focally organized compared to granulomatous forms. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following conditions is least likely to cause proptosis?

Myxoedema. ***Myxoedema*** - **Myxoedema** is associated with severe **hypothyroidism** and is characterized by non-pitting edema due to the accumulation of **glycosaminoglycans** in tissues. - While it can cause facial puffiness, it is **least likely** to cause **proptosis** as there is no direct mechanism for an increase in orbital contents to push the eye forward. *Grave's disease* - **Grave's disease** is the most common cause of **proptosis** due to **immune-mediated inflammation** and accumulation of **glycosaminoglycans** and fat in the orbital tissues, leading to expansion. - This condition specifically affects the **extraocular muscles** and fat, causing bulging of the eyes. *Sarcoidosis* - **Orbital sarcoidosis** can cause **proptosis** due to the formation of **granulomas** within the orbit, leading to mass effect and inflammation. - It can affect any part of the eye and orbit, leading to varied clinical presentations including axial or non-axial globe displacement. *Pituitary adenoma* - A **pituitary adenoma** itself does not directly cause proptosis as it is located in the **sella turcica**, posterior to the orbits. - However, **large adenomas** can cause proptosis indirectly if they invade the **cavernous sinus** and obstruct venous return from the orbit, or if they are associated with **acromegaly**, which can lead to bony overgrowth of the orbital structures and surrounding tissues. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the normal aqueous production rate in the human eye?

2 µl/min. ***2 µl/min*** - The ciliary body in the human eye continuously produces **aqueous humor** at a typical rate of approximately **2.0-3.0 µl/min**. - This rate is crucial for maintaining **intraocular pressure (IOP)** and providing nutrients to avascular eye structures like the **cornea** and **lens**. - This translates to approximately **3-4 ml per day** of aqueous humor production. *2 ml/min* - This rate is significantly **higher** than the actual production of aqueous humor, which is measured in microliters per minute. - Such a high production rate would lead to a rapid and severe increase in **intraocular pressure**, causing damage to the eye. *5 ml/min* - This value is an **excessively high** rate of fluid production and is not physiologically correct for aqueous humor. - It would result in unsustainable and damaging **intraocular pressure** levels. *5 µl/min* - While closer to the correct order of magnitude, **5 µl/min** is generally considered to be at the higher end or slightly above the average physiological range for aqueous humor production. - Most sources cite the normal range as being between **2-3 µl/min**. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Maximum correction of myopia can be done by?

LASIK. ***LASIK*** - **LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis)** allows for significant correction of high myopia by reshaping the cornea with an excimer laser. - It involves creating a **corneal flap** and then ablating tissue underneath, offering precise and stable vision correction for a wide range of refractive errors. - Among the given corneal refractive procedures, LASIK can correct myopia up to **-10 to -12 D**. *Radial keratotomy* - **Radial keratotomy (RK)** involves making radial incisions in the cornea to flatten it, primarily used for low to moderate myopia (up to -3 to -4 D). - It has a higher risk of **unpredictable outcomes**, induced astigmatism, and glare compared to modern laser procedures. *Photorefractive keratectomy* - **Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)** involves direct ablation of the corneal surface without creating a flap, which is suitable for moderate myopia (up to -8 to -10 D). - While effective, PRK typically has a **longer recovery period** and more post-operative pain than LASIK. *Orthokeratology* - **Orthokeratology (Ortho-K)** uses specially designed rigid contact lenses worn overnight to temporarily reshape the cornea and correct myopia. - The effect is **temporary**, requiring continuous lens wear to maintain vision correction, and is generally limited to low to moderate myopia (up to -4 to -6 D). [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Cataract is caused by all except:

Accepted Answer

MRI

Answer

Ultraviolet radiation

Answer

Infrared radiation

Answer

Microwave radiation

Question 2

Large, white keratic precipitates (mutton-fat KPs) are characteristically seen in?

Accepted Answer

Granulomatous uveitis

Answer

Hemorrhagic uveitis

Answer

Old healed uveitis

Answer

Acute anterior uveitis

Question 3

Which of the following conditions is least likely to cause proptosis?

Accepted Answer

Myxoedema

Answer

Sarcoidosis

Answer

Grave's disease

Answer

Pituitary adenoma

Question 4

What is the normal aqueous production rate in the human eye?

Accepted Answer

2 µl/min

Answer

2 ml/min

Answer

5 ml/min

Answer

5 µl/min

Question 5

Maximum correction of myopia can be done by?

Accepted Answer

LASIK

Answer

Radial keratotomy

Answer

Photorefractive keratectomy

Answer

Orthokeratology

Question 6

Which Goldmann type is considered the standard in perimetry?

Accepted Answer

Goldmann type III (commonly used stimulus size)

Answer

Goldmann type I (small stimulus size)

Answer

Goldmann type II (medium-small stimulus size)

Answer

Goldmann type IV (large stimulus size)

Question 7

During retinoscopy of a 30-year-old male, which cycloplegic is used routinely?

Accepted Answer

Cyclopentolate 1% drop

Answer

Homatropine 2% drop

Answer

Atropine 1% ointment

Answer

None of the options

Question 8

Which of the following conditions is NOT diagnosed by fluorescein angiography?

Accepted Answer

Hypertensive retinopathy

Answer

Diabetes retinopathy

Answer

Central serous retinopathy

Answer

Choroidal neovascularization

Question 9

In specular microscopy endothelial density is measured by?

Accepted Answer

Fixed frame analysis

Answer

None of the options

Answer

Optical doubling

Answer

Optical focusing

Question 10

Normal level of visual acuity is attained at which age

Accepted Answer

6 years

Answer

6 months

Answer

1 year

Answer

3 years

NEET-PG 2013 — Ophthalmology