Antibiotics — Flashcards

Flashcard 71: Aztreonam, a β-lactam based monobactam, prevents cross-linking by binding to _____

Answer: Penicillin-binding protein 3

Flashcard 72: Which aminopenicillin can be used in asplenic or sickle cell patients to prophylactically treat encapsulated (e.g. Strep pneumoniae or H. influenzae) infection? _____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 73: _____ is used to treat anaerobic infections above the diaphragm

Answer: Clindamycin

Flashcard 74: Can Clindamycin be used to treat Gardnerella Vaginalis? _____

Answer: Yes

Flashcard 75: Aminoglycosides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by irreversibly binding the _____ subunit, preventing the initiation complex from forming.

Answer: 30S

Extra: Aminoglycosides are unique among protein synthesis inhibitors for being **bactericidal** (others are typically bacteriostatic).

Flashcard 76: What is the treatment for all stages of Syphilis? _____

Answer: Benzathine Penicillin G (intramuscular)

Extra: Penicillin G is the drug of choice for all stages of syphilis. In allergic individuals (especially pregnant women or those with neurosyphilis), desensitization is required because no other agent is as effective.

Flashcard 77: Carbapenems work by binding bacterial _____, inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Answer: transpeptidases

Flashcard 78: Patients that overdose on Isoniazid can develop a(n) _____ anion gap metabolic acidosis

Answer: high

Flashcard 79: Vancomycin is indicated for serious infections caused by S. aureus or S. epidermidis when they are resistant to _____ (e.g., nafcillin).

Answer: penicillinase-resistant penicillins

Extra: Vancomycin is used for serious Gram-positive infections including MRSA, S. epidermidis, and Enterococcus. It is also used orally for C. difficile colitis.

Flashcard 80: _____ has an altered PBP target site and is thus resistant to anti-staph penicillins

Answer: MRSA