Antibiotics — Flashcards

Flashcard 81: Which enzyme is inhibited by sulfamethoxazole (SMX)? _____

Answer: Dihydropteroate synthase (prokaryotic)

Flashcard 82: Fidaxomicin is indicated for recurrent cases of infection by _____

Answer: Clostridioides difficile

Flashcard 83: Sulfonamides are contraindicated in patients with a deficiency of the enzyme _____

Answer: Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Flashcard 84: Vitamin K deficiency can occur after prolonged use of broad-spectrum _____

Answer: antibiotics

Flashcard 85: Resistance to cephalosporins and aztreonam is typically accomplished by _____ that are encoded on plasmids

Answer: Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL)

Flashcard 86: What drug class includes tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline? _____

Answer: Tetracyclines

Flashcard 87: Which of the antitumor antibiotics are associated with myelosuppression? _____

Answer: Doxorubicin, daunorubicin, actinomycin D

Flashcard 88: Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside that treats tularemia caused by _____

Answer: Francisella tularensis

Extra: Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside used primarily for the treatment of tularemia and plague (Yersinia pestis).

Flashcard 89: Cephalosporins inhibit bacterial _____

Answer: penicillin binding protein transpeptidases (PBPs).

Flashcard 90: To remember the protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics, the mnemonic "Buy AT 30, CCEL at 50" is used 30S inhibitors: A: _____ T: Tetracyclines (aminoacyl-tRNA binding) 50S inhibitors: C: Chloramphenicol C: Clindamycin E: Erythromycin (macrolides) (translocation) L: Linezolid (initiation complex)

Answer: Aminoglycosides (initiation complex, mRNA translation)

Extra: The mnemonic "Buy AT 30, CCEL at 50" helps remember protein synthesis inhibitors: 30S inhibitors: Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines. 50S inhibitors: Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycin (Macrolides), Linezolid.