Antibiotics — Flashcards

Flashcard 51: What effect does probenecid have on serum levels of penicillin? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 52: _____ are dose-dependent/independent hematological complications of Chloramphenicol use

Answer: Anemia and Aplastic Anemia

Flashcard 53: What drugs are first-line in the treatment of Lyme disease in pregnant women? _____

Answer: Amoxicillin and Cefuroxime

Flashcard 54: Sulfonamides inhibit the enzyme _____ in the bacterial folate synthesis pathway.

Answer: dihydropteroate synthase

Extra: Sulfonamides are PABA analogs that competitively inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, preventing the conversion of PABA to dihydropteroic acid (a precursor to THF). This inhibition blocks subsequent DNA synthesis in bacteria.

Flashcard 55: What is the relative volume of distribution (Vd) of a large/charged molecule? _____

Answer: Low

Flashcard 56: Aminoglycosides are primarily indicated for severe Gram-_____ infections

Answer: Negative Rod

Flashcard 57: _____ inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase in prokaryotes (pyrimidine synthesis)

Answer: Trimethoprim (TMP)

Flashcard 58: _____ readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, and is used to treat tuberculous meningitis

Answer: Pyrazinamide

Flashcard 59: What renal acid-base disturbance can be caused by TMP-SMX? _____

Answer: Type IV RTA (hyperkalemic)

Flashcard 60: Which rifamycin is a major cytochrome P450 inducer? _____

Answer: Rifampin