Antibiotics — Flashcards

Flashcard 191: The antibiotics fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines should not be consumed with _____

Answer: cations (Ca2+, Fe2+, Mg2+)

Flashcard 192: Which aminopenicillin can be used in dental procedures to prophylactically treat endocarditis in high-risk patients? _____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 193: Aminopenicillins (amoxicillin) causing a maculopapular rash in EBV infection is a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction

Answer: IV

Flashcard 194: β-lactams (e.g. penicillin, cephalosporins, etc.) work by halting _____ synthesis via inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) transpeptidase activity

Answer: peptidoglycan

Flashcard 195: Polymyxin B and E (Colistin) are used as salvage therapy for multi-drug resistant Gram _____ infections

Answer: negative

Extra: Polymyxins (Polymyxin B and Colistin) are used as salvage therapy for multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative infections. They are typically reserved for cases where other options are exhausted due to significant nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.

Flashcard 196: Streptomycin has notable _____ and nephrotoxicity

Answer: ototoxicity

Extra: Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside. Like other aminoglycosides, its primary toxicities are ototoxicity (CN VIII damage) and nephrotoxicity. Its ototoxicity frequently manifests as vestibular symptoms like vertigo and ataxia.

Flashcard 197: Monobactams _____ penetrate the CNS

Answer: can

Flashcard 198: Helicobacter pylori quadruple therapy is used when the bacteria is resistant to _____

Answer: clarithromycin

Flashcard 199: Reversible inhibition of growth Bacterio-_____

Answer: static

Flashcard 200: _____ can cause a Type IV Renal Tubular Acidosis

Answer: Trimethoprim

Extra: Trimethoprim blocks epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in the distal tubule/collecting duct (similar to the diuretic amiloride). This leads to decreased sodium reabsorption and decreased potassium/hydrogen excretion, resulting in hyperkalemia and a Type IV RTA.