Antibiotics — Flashcards

Flashcard 201: Infants who are taking sulfonamides are at risk for _____

Answer: Kernicterus

Flashcard 202: _____ can cause a Type IV Renal Tubular Acidosis

Answer: Trimethoprim

Extra: Trimethoprim blocks epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in the distal tubule/collecting duct (similar to the diuretic amiloride). This leads to decreased sodium reabsorption and decreased potassium/hydrogen excretion, resulting in hyperkalemia and a Type IV RTA.

Flashcard 203: To prevent post-surgical wound infections by Staph aureus, what Cephalosporin is indicated? _____

Answer: Cefazolin

Flashcard 204: What is the susceptibility of monobactams (aztreonam) to β-lactamases? _____

Answer: Resistant

Flashcard 205: Erythromycin can be used for Neonatal Conjunctivitis caused by what two microbes? _____

Answer: Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis

Extra: Erythromycin ointment is used for prophylaxis of *N. gonorrhoeae* ophthalmia neonatorum. Oral erythromycin is used for treatment of *C. trachomatis* conjunctivitis to prevent the development of chlamydial pneumonia.

Flashcard 206: The MoA of Carbapenems and Monobactams is bacterio-_____

Answer: cidal

Flashcard 207: Penicillins are what class of antibiotics? _____

Answer: β-lactams

Flashcard 208: Cephalosporins are associated with a(n) _____ reaction

Answer: Disulfiram like

Flashcard 209: Rifampin is a CYP450 _____ and thus is contraindicated in HIV due to it _____ HIV protease inhibitor serum concentrations

Answer: inducer

Extra: Instead, rifabutin is used because it is a weaker inducer of CYP450.

Flashcard 210: Dapsone is used to treat Mycobacterium _____

Answer: leprae