Screening tests — Flashcards

Flashcard 21: In female infertility testing; levels of _____ can be used to determine ovarian reserve

Answer: anti-müllerian hormone (MIF)

Flashcard 22: What is used to confirm the diagnosis of a suspected struma ovarii (subtype of cystic teratoma) after pelvic ultrasound? _____

Answer: Pelvic radioimaging (shows uptake of iodine-123 or iodine-131)

Extra: * "green glow"

Flashcard 23: The presence of withdrawal bleeding with a(n) _____ challenge excludes anatomic defects (e.g. Asherman syndrome) and chronic anovulation without estrogen

Answer: progestin

Flashcard 24: Pap smears are used to detect _____ before it becomes carcinoma

Answer: cervical dysplasia (CIN)

Extra: - cervical cells from the transformation zone are scraped using a brush and analyzed under a microscope; abnormal pap smear is followed by a confirmatory colposcopy / biopsy - this is a form of secondary disease prevention; limitations include inadequate sampling of the transformation zone and limited efficacy in screening for adenocarcinoma

Flashcard 25: Should you screen universally for substance abuse in pregnant patients? _____

Answer: Yes

Flashcard 26: Fibroadenoma is most common in women _____ 35 years old

Answer: under

Flashcard 27: How do levels of AFP change in a fetus with neural tube defects? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 28: What demographic is most commonly associated with cervical carcinoma? _____

Answer: Middle-aged women (average age is 40-50 years)

Flashcard 29: What is a possible adverse effect associated with performing chorionic villus sampling before 10 weeks? _____

Answer: Limb defects

Extra: Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is typically performed at 10–13 weeks gestation. It is avoided before 10 weeks due to the risk of limb-reduction defects.

Flashcard 30: _____ is a dysplastic pre-cancerous lesion of the cervix that commonly manifests following the loss of the tumor suppressors p53 and Rb following HPV infection

Answer: Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)