First trimester screening — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Down syndrome presents with _____ serum PAPP-A

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 2: Elevated _____ in amniotic fluid is a helpful confirmatory test for neural tube defects

Answer: acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Flashcard 3: Down syndrome presents with _____ free -hCG

Answer: increased

Flashcard 4: Edward syndrome and Patau syndrome present with _____ serum PAPP-A

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 5: The inability to detect _____ defects is a downside of chorionic villus sampling when compared to amniocentesis

Answer: neural tube

Flashcard 6: Most common high-risk HPV types associated with cervical dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer: HPV 16, 18

Extra: Koilocytes (enlarged, hyperchromatic epithelial cells) on Pap smear. Risk factors: multiple sexual partners, smoking, early age of first intercourse, HIV infection. May progress to invasive carcinoma.

Flashcard 7: Worldwide, _____ cancer is the most common gynecologic tumor.

Answer: cervical

Flashcard 8: secondary prevention (epidemiology)

Answer: early detection (e.g. Pap smear)

Flashcard 9: Ovarian surface epithelial tumors typically present _____ and therefore have _____ prognosis

Answer: late

Extra:   Watch Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-cysts-and-epithelial-ovarian-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 10: What is the key risk factor for Cervical Carcinoma? _____

Answer: High-risk HPV (16, 18, 31, 33)

Extra:    https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki Other: - smoking - starting sexual intercourse at a young age - immunodeficiency (e.g. HIV infection)