Clinical Reasoning — Flashcards

Flashcard 121: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with low urine osmolality that improves by > 50% following administration of desmopressin? _____

Answer: Central diabetes insipidus

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/urology/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 122: Multiple small pustules localized to hair follicles on any body surface? _____

Answer: Folliculitis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 123: Scuba diver develops SOB, chest pain, hyperresonance to percussion and decrease in breath sounds is suggestive of _____

Answer: pneumothorax

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 124: What is the management in a patient with asymptomatic proteinuria? _____

Answer: First morning urine protein/creatinine ratio

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 125: A CXR showing cranial displacement of abdominal organs into the thorax, mediastinal shift, and compressive atelectasis is indicative of _____.

Answer: diaphragmatic rupture

Flashcard 126: A loud P2 implies _____

Answer: pulmonary hypertension

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 127: Rule out fracture = _____

Answer: X-ray (at least 2 views perpendicular to each other)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ortho-injuries/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 128: A postviral patient who develops RBC casts: _____

Answer: IgA nephropathy glomerulonephritis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 129: What is the likely diagnosis in an African-American male who presents with fever, jaundice, and dark urine?\n\n_____

Answer: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

Flashcard 130: What is the most accurate test of ejection fraction? _____

Answer: Nuclear ventriculography; multiple-gated acquisition scan (MUGA)

Extra: Note: Cardiac MRI is technically the current gold standard for EF and volume assessment, but MUGA (Nuclear Ventriculography) is the classic board answer for the 'most accurate' test, particularly for monitoring cardiotoxicity. Reference: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery