Clinical Reasoning — Flashcards

Flashcard 111: Thick peripheral rim enhancement on MRI is the characteristic appearance of _____

Answer: glioblastomas

Flashcard 112: Chest X-ray of left-sided heart failure may reveal _____ (dark airway against opacified alveoli) and cardiomegaly

Answer: air bronchograms

Flashcard 113: Solitary Lung Nodule: 1) _____ 2) CT scan if (1) is not available or growth

Answer: Compare with old x-ray

Flashcard 114: Chronic HCV diagnosis requires both a serologic test for the HCV antibody and a confirmatory _____ for the presence of _____

Answer: molecular test

Flashcard 115: Acute otitis media and mastoid swelling/anteriorly rotated ear is suggestive of _____; confirm with CT scan

Answer: mastoiditis

Extra: Mastoiditis is a clinical diagnosis; CT scan of the temporal bone (with contrast if intracranial extension is suspected) confirms the diagnosis and assesses for complications (e.g., subperiosteal abscess). **Management:** - IV antibiotics - Drainage (e.g., myringotomy or tympanostomy tube placement) - Mastoidectomy is indicated for severe or refractory cases.

Flashcard 116: What diagnosis is suggested by a rash that starts on the extensor surfaces and moves inward?\n\n_____

Answer: Erythema multiforme

Flashcard 117: What does the drop arm test test for? _____

Answer: Rotator cuff tears (particularly the supraspinatus tendon)

Flashcard 118: Pneumatic insufflation → tense, immobile membrane = _____

Answer: otitis media

Flashcard 119: The next best test following a pulmonary nodule found on X-ray with possible growth is _____

Answer: Chest CT

Flashcard 120: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with low urine osmolality that improves by > 50% following administration of desmopressin? _____

Answer: Central diabetes insipidus