Analytical vs non-analytical reasoning US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Analytical vs non-analytical reasoning with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Analytical vs non-analytical reasoning Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 1: A _____ is typically used to diagnose spinal stenosis or other vertebral pathology (ex. osteomyelitis) in patients who cannot undergo MRI
Answer: CT Myelogram
Flashcard 2: Diagnosis of pneumonia is made by _____ and sputum & blood gram stain/culture
Answer: CXR
Flashcard 3: Which heart sounds are characteristically heard at the **apex** (using the bell in the **left lateral decubitus** position) in a patient with **hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)**?
Answer: S4 and Mid-systolic murmur
Extra: In Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM), the S4 gallop reflects atrial contraction into a stiff, hypertrophied left ventricle. The mid-systolic murmur is caused by dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. Both are best heard at the apex or left lower sternal border, often using the bell in the left lateral decubitus position for the S4.
Flashcard 4: _____ is used to confirm diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia
Answer: Bronchoalveolar lavage
Flashcard 5: Sleep apnea is diagnosed via _____, where a patient sleeps in a monitored setting and a number of related measurements are taken
Answer: polysomnography
Flashcard 6: What are the clinical manifestations and genetic basis of Tuberous Sclerosis?
Answer: Clinical features: Cutaneous angiofibromas (adenoma sebaceum), hypomelanotic macules (ash-leaf spots), Shagreen patches, seizures, intellectual disability, retinal hamartomas, cortical tubers, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA), renal angiomyolipomas, and cardiac rhabdomyomas.::List the clinical features and genetics of Tuberous Sclerosis.
Extra: Genetics: Autosomal Dominant (AD) with variable expressivity; mutations in TSC1 (hamartin) or TSC2 (tuberin) genes.
Flashcard 7: What is the most common clinical application for an ELISA?
Answer: detection of antibodies in patient blood sample
Flashcard 8: accuracy (diagnostic testing)
Answer: the "trueness" of a test's results
Flashcard 9: precision (diagnostic testing)
Answer: consistency and reproducibility of a test's results
Flashcard 10: What is the next step in diagnosis for a patient with new-onset epigastric pain, nausea, hypotension, bradycardia and T-wave inversions in leads II, III, aVF?
_____
Answer: Right-sided precordial ECG
Extra:
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