Diagnostic error analysis — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Identify the heart sounds normally heard at the aortic area in a healthy adult.

Answer: Normal S1 and S2

Flashcard 2: Brain arteriovenous malformations are developmental vascular lesions that present with intracranial _____, seizure, headache, or focal neurologic deficits

Answer: hemorrhage

Flashcard 3: What mnemonic is used to help in the diagnosis of measles (rubeola)?_____

Answer: 4 C's (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, koplik spots)

Flashcard 4: What are the clinical manifestations and genetic basis of Tuberous Sclerosis?

Answer: Clinical features: Cutaneous angiofibromas (adenoma sebaceum), hypomelanotic macules (ash-leaf spots), Shagreen patches, seizures, intellectual disability, retinal hamartomas, cortical tubers, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA), renal angiomyolipomas, and cardiac rhabdomyomas.::List the clinical features and genetics of Tuberous Sclerosis.

Extra: Genetics: Autosomal Dominant (AD) with variable expressivity; mutations in TSC1 (hamartin) or TSC2 (tuberin) genes.

Flashcard 5: What is the most common clinical application for an ELISA?

Answer: detection of antibodies in patient blood sample

Flashcard 6: accuracy (diagnostic testing)

Answer: the "trueness" of a test's results

Flashcard 7: precision (diagnostic testing)

Answer: consistency and reproducibility of a test's results

Flashcard 8: What is the next step in diagnosis for a patient with new-onset epigastric pain, nausea, hypotension, bradycardia and T-wave inversions in leads II, III, aVF? _____

Answer: Right-sided precordial ECG

Extra:  Watch Stable Angina, Vasospastic Angina, & Acute Coronary Syndromes (UA, NSTEMI, STEMI) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-ischemic-heart-disease-stable-angina-vasospastic-angina-and-acute-coronary-syndromes-ua-nstemi-stemi?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki 

Flashcard 9: Patients with psoas abscesses frequently position themselves to minimize psoas stretching and discomfort by engaging hip _____ and positioning into lumbar lordosis

Answer: flexion

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 10: What is the preferred next step for diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in symptomatic patients? _____

Answer: Ankle-brachial index (ABI) with Doppler (ABI is <0.9 in PAD)

Extra:  * systolic BP of ankles divided by systolic BP of upper extemities Watch Peripheral Artery Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-vascular/videos/medical-pathophysiology-vascular-atherosclerosis-peripheral-artery-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/vascular/acquire?ref=anki