Clinical Reasoning — Flashcards

Flashcard 131: What is the likely diagnosis in an African-American male who presents with fever, jaundice, and dark urine?\n\n_____

Answer: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

Flashcard 132: What is the most appropriate and confirmatory diagnostic step for suspected primary adrenal insufficiency? _____

Answer: Cosyntropin or ACTH stimulation test

Flashcard 133: What is the initial imaging study of choice in a patient that presents to the ED after an unprovoked first seizure? _____

Answer: CT head without contrast

Flashcard 134: Preceding sore throat → sandpaper skin that eventually desquamates (peels), strawberry tongue and circumoral pallor is suggestive of _____

Answer: Scarlet fever

Flashcard 135: What do decreased pulmonary markings mean? _____

Answer: Pulmonary undercirculation

Flashcard 136: Osteoporosis is defined as a(n) _____ at least _____ standard deviations below normal

Answer: bone mineral density

Flashcard 137: How do you diagnose HIV during the asymptomatic infection (pre-AIDS)? Screen: _____ Confirm: _____

Answer: 4th generation HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab immunoassay

Extra: If the antibody differentiation immunoassay is indeterminate, the next step is an HIV-1 Nucleic Acid Test (NAT).

Flashcard 138: Herpes simplex virus is definitively diagnosed with _____ or _____

Answer: cultures

Flashcard 139: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with unilateral hearing loss with a dull, hypomobile tympanic membrane with air-fluid level behind the TM on otoscopic exam? _____

Answer: Serous otitis media (otitis media with effusion)

Flashcard 140: Bone mineral density (DEXA) T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 is _____

Answer: osteopenia

Extra: WHO Classification of Bone Mineral Density (T-score): - Normal: ≥ -1.0 - Osteopenia: between -1.0 and -2.5 - Osteoporosis: ≤ -2.5