Lipid metabolism — Flashcards

Flashcard 431: What substrate accumulates in the lysosomes of a patient with Gaucher disease? _____

Answer: Glucocerebroside

Flashcard 432: The triglycerides inside the chylomicron are broken down into _____ by lipoprotein lipase in the vicinity of the adipocytes (or peripheral tissue)

Answer: fatty acids

Flashcard 433: In adipose tissue, triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids by the enzyme _____

Answer: hormone sensitive lipase

Flashcard 434: The main component of chylomicrons is _____

Answer: triglycerides

Flashcard 435: Which lipoproteins (2) carry the most cholesterol? _____

Answer: LDL and HDL

Flashcard 436: Which adrenal cortex deficiency results in shunting towards the aldosterone synthesis pathway?_____

Answer: 17-hydroxylase deficiency

Flashcard 437: Which organ is responsible for the import and export of lipoproteins?_____

Answer: Liver

Flashcard 438: What are the two major ketone bodies produced in a type 1 diabetic patient?

Answer: Acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate

Extra: The three ketone bodies are acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone. Acetone is produced by the spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetate and is considered a minor ketone body (responsible for the fruity breath in DKA).

Flashcard 439: Which lipid transport enzyme is responsible for the degradation of remaining triglycerides in IDLs? _____

Answer: Hepatic TG lipase

Flashcard 440: Where in the cell does cholesterol synthesis occur?

Answer: Cytosol and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)