Lipid metabolism — Flashcards

Flashcard 431: The rate-limiting step of bile acid synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme _____

Answer: Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1)

Flashcard 432: The triglycerides inside the chylomicron are broken down into _____ by lipoprotein lipase in the vicinity of the adipocytes (or peripheral tissue)

Answer: fatty acids

Flashcard 433: _____ is an intermediate of cholesterol synthesis that is important for N glycosylation of proteins

Answer: Dolichol PPi

Flashcard 434: Once in the vicinity of the liver, the IDL may directly bind a _____ receptor via apoprotein B-100

Answer: LDL

Flashcard 435: Oxidized LDL has a defect in its single apoB-100 and is no longer recognized; consequently, it is consumed by _____

Answer: macrophages

Flashcard 436: Which lipid transport enzyme is responsible for the degradation of remaining triglycerides in IDLs? _____

Answer: Hepatic TG lipase

Flashcard 437: Which adrenal cortex deficiency results in shunting towards the aldosterone synthesis pathway?_____

Answer: 17-hydroxylase deficiency

Flashcard 438: Pulmonary surfactant is a mix of lecithins, the most important of which is _____

Answer: dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC)

Flashcard 439: Where in the cell does cholesterol synthesis occur?

Answer: Cytosol and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Flashcard 440: What are the two major ketone bodies produced in a type 1 diabetic patient?

Answer: Acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate

Extra: The three ketone bodies are acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone. Acetone is produced by the spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetate and is considered a minor ketone body (responsible for the fruity breath in DKA).