Lipid metabolism US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Lipid metabolism with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Lipid metabolism Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 31: Where are ketones usually produced?
Answer: liver
Flashcard 32: What is the deficient enzyme/protein in Hyperchylomicronemia (Type I Hyperlipidemia)?
Answer: LPL (Lipoprotein lipase) or Apo C-II\nInheritance: AR
Extra: Clinic: Pancreatitis, hepatosplenomegaly, and eruptive/pruritic xanthomas.\nLabs: Elevated chylomicrons, TGs, and cholesterol. \nNote: No increased risk for atherosclerosis.
Flashcard 33: Coenzyme A (CoA) is a carrier of which chemical groups?
Answer: Acyl groups (e.g., in fatty acid oxidation and synthesis)
Extra: Coenzyme A (CoA) functions as a universal carrier of acyl groups. The acyl group is attached to CoA via a high-energy thioester bond to the sulfhydryl (-SH) group of the cysteamine moiety.
Flashcard 34: Rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis?
Answer: HMG-CoA reductase
Extra: Rate-limiting step of cholesterol synthesis.
Inducers: Insulin, Thyroxine
Inhibitors: Glucagon, Cholesterol (feedback inhibition), Statins (competitive inhibitors)
Flashcard 35: What is the role of mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase?
Answer: Rate limiting enzyme for ketogenesis
Extra: HMG-CoA synthase is found in the mitochondria for ketogenesis. Note: A cytosolic version also exists for cholesterol synthesis, but in the context of lipid metabolism questions, it is primarily associated with the rate-limiting step of ketone body formation.
Flashcard 36: Which intermediate of fatty acid synthesis inhibits carnitine acyltransferase I (CAT I)?
Answer: Malonyl-CoA
Extra: Carnitine acyltransferase I (CAT I) is the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation (beta-oxidation). It is inhibited by Malonyl-CoA, an intermediate of fatty acid synthesis, to prevent the simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of fatty acids.
Flashcard 37: What is the effect an increased NADH/NAD+ ratio in the liver?
Answer: inhibit gluconeogenesis, promote fatty acid synthesis leading to hypoglycemia, ketosis, acidosis, and fatty liver changes
Flashcard 38: Give two cell types rich in smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
Answer: hepatocytes and steroid-producing cells of adrenal cortex
Flashcard 39: What functions are performed by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Answer: steroid synthesis, detoxification of drugs and poisons
Flashcard 40: What are five major components of the plasma membrane?
Answer: phospholipid, sphingolipid, glycolipid, protein, cholesterol
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