Abdominal and Pelvic Radiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 61: Complicated cysts with enhancement of soft tissue and solid enhancing nodules is classified as Bosniak stage _____

Answer: IV

Flashcard 62: The _____ ureter is a characteristic radiological finding in tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract.

Answer: pipe-stem

Extra: In genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB), chronic inflammation and fibrosis lead to a thick-walled, rigid, and shortened ureter, known as a **pipe-stem ureter**. Other classic features of GUTB: - **Golf-hole ureteric orifice**: Seen on **cystoscopy** (due to fibrosis and retraction of the ureter). - **Putty kidney**: Tuberculous autonephrectomy with caseous calcification. - **Thimble bladder**: Fibrotic, small-capacity bladder. - **Beaded/Corkscrew ureter**: Multiple strictures and segments of dilatation.

Flashcard 63: What is the earliest IVP finding in renal TB?_____

Answer: Moth eaten calyx

Flashcard 64: _____ is the best imaging modality for hydatid cyst

Answer: Ultrasonography (USG)

Extra: Ultrasonography is the investigation of choice (IOC) for hydatid cysts, particularly hepatic ones. It is highly sensitive for characterizing internal morphology (daughter cysts, floating membranes, hydatid sand) and is the basis for the WHO/Gharbi classification. **Note on CT scan:** While CT has very high sensitivity (approaching 100%) and is superior for detecting wall calcifications and pre-operative mapping, USG remains the primary diagnostic and staging tool.

Flashcard 65: The best method to assess iron overload is _____ using T2 MRI

Answer: quantitative liver iron

Flashcard 66: What is the percentage malignancy rate of Bosniak 3?_____

Answer: 55%

Flashcard 67: _____ can be done if USG is inconclusive in diagnosing acute appendicitis of pregnancy

Answer: MRI abdomen

Flashcard 68: Most sensitive investigation for chronic pancreatitis is _____

Answer: EUS

Flashcard 69: Bent inner tube sign on plain x-ray is diagnostic of _____

Answer: sigmoid volvulus

Flashcard 70: _____ is very helpful in defining renal tumor extension into the renal vein or inferior vena cava.

Answer: MRI