Abdominal and Pelvic Radiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 61: Complicated cysts with thickened septa and nodular areas of calcification, along with enhancement of cyst wall or septa is classified as Bosniak stage _____

Answer: III

Flashcard 62: Complicated cysts with enhancement of soft tissue and solid enhancing nodules is classified as Bosniak stage _____

Answer: IV

Flashcard 63: The _____ ureter is a characteristic radiological finding in tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract.

Answer: pipe-stem

Extra: In genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB), chronic inflammation and fibrosis lead to a thick-walled, rigid, and shortened ureter, known as a **pipe-stem ureter**. Other classic features of GUTB: - **Golf-hole ureteric orifice**: Seen on **cystoscopy** (due to fibrosis and retraction of the ureter). - **Putty kidney**: Tuberculous autonephrectomy with caseous calcification. - **Thimble bladder**: Fibrotic, small-capacity bladder. - **Beaded/Corkscrew ureter**: Multiple strictures and segments of dilatation.

Flashcard 64: The best method to assess iron overload is _____ using T2 MRI

Answer: quantitative liver iron

Flashcard 65: What is the percentage malignancy rate of Bosniak 3?_____

Answer: 55%

Flashcard 66: _____ is the best imaging modality for hydatid cyst

Answer: Ultrasonography (USG)

Extra: Ultrasonography is the investigation of choice (IOC) for hydatid cysts, particularly hepatic ones. It is highly sensitive for characterizing internal morphology (daughter cysts, floating membranes, hydatid sand) and is the basis for the WHO/Gharbi classification. **Note on CT scan:** While CT has very high sensitivity (approaching 100%) and is superior for detecting wall calcifications and pre-operative mapping, USG remains the primary diagnostic and staging tool.

Flashcard 67: _____ can be done if USG is inconclusive in diagnosing acute appendicitis of pregnancy

Answer: MRI abdomen

Flashcard 68: Bent inner tube sign on plain x-ray is diagnostic of _____

Answer: sigmoid volvulus

Flashcard 69: Most sensitive investigation for chronic pancreatitis is _____

Answer: EUS

Flashcard 70: Ball on tee, Forniceal excavation, Lobster claw and Signet ring signs are all seen in _____

Answer: Renal papillary necrosis