Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Toxicity — Flashcards

Flashcard 371: _____ poisoning causes PCT damage with proteinuria and muscle pain.

Answer: Bismuth

Flashcard 372: Sugammadex is a selective relaxant binding agent used to reverse the effects of which class of neuromuscular blockers?

Answer: Aminosteroids (specifically Rocuronium and Vecuronium)

Extra: Sugammadex works by encapsulating (chelating) the drug molecules in a 1:1 ratio. **It is effective against:** * Aminosteroids (Rocuronium > Vecuronium >> Pancuronium) **It is NOT effective against:** * Benzylisoquinolines (e.g., Atracurium, Cisatracurium, Mivacurium) * Depolarizing agents (Succinylcholine)

Flashcard 373: _____ used as an antidote for arsenic poisoning blocks complex _____ of the electron transport chain.

Answer: BAL(British anti-lewisite); III

Flashcard 374: _____ of the urine is useful in the management of amphetamine toxicity.

Answer: Acidification::Acidification/Alkalinisation

Flashcard 375: The treatment of scurvy is the administration of vitamin C _____mg/day for _____ weeks.

Answer: 100-200; 12

Flashcard 376: _____ solutions are preferred over _____ for KCL administration for management of hypokalemia

Answer: Saline; Dextrose

Flashcard 377: _____ has been FDA-approved for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica (NMO).

Answer: Eculizumab

Flashcard 378: _____ enzyme activity is the most accurate indicator to assess potential Organophosphate toxicity.

Answer: RBC cholinesterase

Flashcard 379: Raloxifene _____ the incidence of venous thrombosis

Answer: increases

Flashcard 380: Which type of contrast agent is preferred to reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy?

Answer: Low-osmolar contrast media (e.g., Iohexol) or Iso-osmolar contrast media (e.g., Iodixanol)

Extra: Low-osmolar and iso-osmolar non-ionic contrast agents are significantly less nephrotoxic than older high-osmolar agents (e.g., diatrizoate). While the choice of agent is important, intravenous hydration with isotonic saline remains the most effective preventive strategy for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).