Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Toxicity — Flashcards

Flashcard 361: Propofol infusion syndrome presents with _____ leading to hyperkalemia

Answer: rhabdomyolysis

Flashcard 362: Morphine use is contraindicated in _____ failure

Answer: renal

Flashcard 363: ADH secretion is decreased in SIADH by _____.

Answer: phenytoin (anti-epileptic drug)

Flashcard 364: _____ is avoided in post-chemotherapy patients as it can cause bone marrow suppression

Answer: Linezolid (Antibiotic)

Flashcard 365: Bullous eruptions is one of the manifestations of _____ drug poisoning

Answer: barbiturate

Flashcard 366: _____ is the most common cause of drug related hypercalcemia.

Answer: Thiazide diuretics

Extra: Lithium is the second most common cause of drug-induced hypercalcemia. While Lithium has a higher incidence of hypercalcemia among users (up to 25%), Thiazide diuretics are much more commonly prescribed, making them the most frequent drug-related cause encountered in clinical practice.

Flashcard 367: What is the investigation of choice for diagnosing acute lithium toxicity?_____

Answer: Serum Lithium levels

Flashcard 368: _____ used as an antidote for arsenic poisoning blocks complex _____ of the electron transport chain.

Answer: BAL(British anti-lewisite); III

Flashcard 369: _____ of the urine is useful in the management of amphetamine toxicity.

Answer: Acidification::Acidification/Alkalinisation

Flashcard 370: Which type of contrast agent is preferred to reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy?

Answer: Low-osmolar contrast media (e.g., Iohexol) or Iso-osmolar contrast media (e.g., Iodixanol)

Extra: Low-osmolar and iso-osmolar non-ionic contrast agents are significantly less nephrotoxic than older high-osmolar agents (e.g., diatrizoate). While the choice of agent is important, intravenous hydration with isotonic saline remains the most effective preventive strategy for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).