Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Toxicity — Flashcards

Flashcard 251: Adverse effects of ergot-derived dopamine agonists (e.g., bromocriptine) include cardiac and pleural _____

Answer: fibrosis

Extra: Ergot-derived dopamine agonists (e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergolide) are associated with tissue fibrosis (pleural, retroperitoneal, and cardiac valvular). Non-ergot dopamine agonists (e.g., pramipexole, ropinirole) are generally preferred because they do NOT cause these fibrotic complications. Their side effects instead include "sleep attacks" and impulse control disorders.

Flashcard 252: Absolute contraindications to combined oral contraceptive use: Congenital _____

Answer: hyperlipidemia

Flashcard 253: What is the cause of bronchospasm in opioid intoxication?_____

Answer: Histamine release

Flashcard 254: Which teratogenic drug leads to autism spectrum disorder and coarctation of aorta?_____

Answer: Valproate

Flashcard 255: Propofol has anti_____ properties, which may be useful in cholestasis

Answer: pruritic

Flashcard 256: Succimer is used for severe _____ organic mercury poisoning

Answer: acute (acute/chronic)

Flashcard 257: Multidose activated charcoal is used for _____ of a toxin.

Answer: enhanced elimination (mechanism of action)

Flashcard 258: Does RBC cholinesterase levels in OP poisoning have any prognostic significance?_____

Answer: NO

Flashcard 259: Bisphosphonates are _____ (recommended/not recommended) to be administered with food.

Answer: not recommended (food impairs absorption)

Extra: Bisphosphonates should be taken on an empty stomach with a full glass of water. Food, especially those containing calcium/cations, significantly decreases their absorption. To minimize esophageal irritation (pill esophagitis), patients must remain upright for 30-60 minutes after ingestion.

Flashcard 260: Category _____: Varying and/or contradictory human and animal data

Answer: B