Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Toxicity — Flashcards

Flashcard 241: Hyponatremia risk with oxcarbazepine is _____ when compared to carbamazepine

Answer: higher (higher/lower)

Flashcard 242: Which IV anesthetic is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hence pancreatitis?_____

Answer: Propofol

Flashcard 243: Which local anesthetic causes maximum methemoglobinemia?_____

Answer: Prilocaine

Flashcard 244: Shellfish poisoning is due to the neurotoxin _____

Answer: Saxitoxin

Flashcard 245: What is the side effect associated with Umifenovir?_____

Answer: allergic rashes

Flashcard 246: Immunosuppressants for anterior uveitis are studied under a program called _____

Answer: LUMINATE

Flashcard 247: What is the name of the severe allergic reaction caused by the rapid death of microfilariae following the administration of **Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)**?

Answer: Mazzotti reaction

Extra: The Mazzotti reaction is a severe systemic response observed following the administration of **Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)** for the treatment of microfilarial infections, most classically **Onchocerciasis**. It is caused by the release of antigens from the dying microfilariae, leading to symptoms such as fever, tachycardia, hypotension, and skin rash.

Flashcard 248: Major side effect associated with Edaravone is _____

Answer: hypersensitivity

Flashcard 249: Adverse effects of ergot-derived dopamine agonists (e.g., bromocriptine) include cardiac and pleural _____

Answer: fibrosis

Extra: Ergot-derived dopamine agonists (e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergolide) are associated with tissue fibrosis (pleural, retroperitoneal, and cardiac valvular). Non-ergot dopamine agonists (e.g., pramipexole, ropinirole) are generally preferred because they do NOT cause these fibrotic complications. Their side effects instead include "sleep attacks" and impulse control disorders.

Flashcard 250: _____ are preferred to treat seizures in isoniazid overdose

Answer: Benzodiazepines and Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)