Antimicrobial Agents — Flashcards

Flashcard 181: _____ works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acid production on Mycobacteria tuberculosis

Answer: Isoniazid (INH)

Flashcard 182: Penicillins inhibit the ability of bacteria to generate a cell wall, which causes death by _____. In addition, penicillins allow accumulation of peptidoglycan precursors, which activates bacterial autolysis.

Answer: osmolysis

Flashcard 183: Meningitis is treated empirically with _____ and vancomycin; add ampicillin if Listeria is suspected

Answer: ceftriaxone

Flashcard 184: _____ is an antiviral agent that acts as a viral DNA polymerase inhibitor by binding to the pyrophosphate-binding site of the enzyme.

Answer: Foscarnet

Flashcard 185: Penicillin _____ is acid stable, meaning it can be given orally.

Answer: V

Flashcard 186: Which strain(s) of Plasmodium is chloroquine used to treat?_____

Answer: Plasmodium vivax/ovale

Flashcard 187: _____ are a class of antifungals that bind ergosterol, creating pores in the fungal cell membranes

Answer: Polyenes (ie: nystatin, amphotericin)

Flashcard 188: Neomycin is an aminoglycoside applied _____ or ingested as an ammonia detoxicant

Answer: topically

Flashcard 189: Clindamycin spectrum of activity: 1. _____ 2. Anaerobes

Answer: Gram-positive cocci

Extra: Clindamycin is classically used for anaerobic infections **above the diaphragm** (e.g., aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess). In contrast, Metronidazole is often used for anaerobic infections below the diaphragm.

Flashcard 190: Penicillins are effective against the thick peptidoglycan cell walls of gram _____ bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp.)

Answer: positive