Antimicrobial Agents — Flashcards

Flashcard 181: _____ is an antiviral agent that acts as a viral DNA polymerase inhibitor by binding to the pyrophosphate-binding site of the enzyme.

Answer: Foscarnet

Flashcard 182: Penicillin _____ is acid stable, meaning it can be given orally.

Answer: V

Flashcard 183: Which strain(s) of Plasmodium is chloroquine used to treat?_____

Answer: Plasmodium vivax/ovale

Flashcard 184: Neomycin is an aminoglycoside applied _____ or ingested as an ammonia detoxicant

Answer: topically

Flashcard 185: Penicillins inhibit the ability of bacteria to generate a cell wall, which causes death by _____. In addition, penicillins allow accumulation of peptidoglycan precursors, which activates bacterial autolysis.

Answer: osmolysis

Flashcard 186: Clindamycin spectrum of activity: 1. _____ 2. Anaerobes

Answer: Gram-positive cocci

Extra: Clindamycin is classically used for anaerobic infections **above the diaphragm** (e.g., aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess). In contrast, Metronidazole is often used for anaerobic infections below the diaphragm.

Flashcard 187: _____ are a class of antifungals that bind ergosterol, creating pores in the fungal cell membranes

Answer: Polyenes (ie: nystatin, amphotericin)

Flashcard 188: What two drugs are the preferred treatment of VZV? _____

Answer: Famciclovir and Valacyclovir

Flashcard 189: _____ are drugs that cause a build-up of heme intracellularly, which is toxic to Plasmodium spp.

Answer: Quinolines

Flashcard 190: Which three drugs (luminal amebicides) eliminate cysts of Entamoeba histolytica in the lumen of the intestine? _____, Iodoquinol, and Diloxanide furoate

Answer: Paromomycin