UPSC-CMS 2013 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Universal precautions to be followed by the surgical team include all of the following except :

Prophylactic antimicrobials. **Prophylactic antimicrobials** - **Prophylactic antimicrobials** are given to prevent surgical site infections and are not considered a part of **universal precautions** themselves. - Universal precautions are primarily focused on preventing the transmission of bloodborne pathogens through physical barriers. *Wearing boots* - **Wearing boots** or shoe covers is an important component of **universal precautions** in the operating room to protect against splashes and contamination from blood and body fluids. - They also help maintain a sterile environment by preventing the introduction of contaminants from street shoes. *Wearing double gloves* - **Wearing double gloves** offers an extra layer of protection against sharps injuries and potential exposure to blood and body fluids, especially during procedures with a higher risk of puncture. - This practice reinforces the **barrier protection** aspect of universal precautions. *Donning water repellent gown* - A **water-repellent gown** acts as a crucial barrier to protect the surgical team's skin and clothing from contamination with blood, body fluids, and other potentially infectious materials. - This aligns with the principle of **universal precautions** to minimize exposure risks. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: All of the following are eligibility criteria for female sterilization except :

At least two living children should be present. ***At least two living children should be present*** - The number of **living children** is NOT a mandatory eligibility criterion for female sterilization in India. - The **Ministry of Health and Family Welfare** has explicitly removed parity requirements to expand access to sterilization services. - Current guidelines emphasize **informed consent** and **voluntary participation**, not the number of children. - This is the correct answer as it is clearly NOT an eligibility criterion. *Client should be married* - **Marital status** is also NOT a mandatory eligibility criterion in current Indian family planning guidelines. - However, this has been inconsistently applied, and the removal of the **two-child norm** is more explicitly documented. - Modern guidelines focus on individual autonomy and informed choice regardless of marital status. *Client's age should not be less than 22 years or more than 49 years* - **Minimum age of 22 years** is a valid eligibility criterion to ensure maturity and informed decision-making. - The upper age limit is generally aligned with reproductive age, though this varies. - Age restriction is a legitimate criterion under Indian guidelines. *Client or her spouse must not have undergone sterilisation in the past* - This is a logical eligibility consideration to prevent **duplicate sterilization** within a couple. - If one partner is already sterilized, the other typically does not need the procedure. - This ensures efficient use of resources and prevents unnecessary surgeries. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A woman dies from a heart disease six days after delivery. This would come under the category of :

Indirect maternal death. ***Indirect maternal death*** - An **indirect maternal death** is defined as one resulting from a pre-existing disease or a disease that developed during pregnancy, which was not due to direct obstetric causes but was aggravated by the physiological effects of pregnancy. - Heart disease in this context, especially when occurring six days postpartum, is often a pre-existing condition exacerbated by pregnancy-related cardiovascular demands, fitting this definition. *Direct maternal death* - **Direct maternal deaths** are those resulting from obstetric complications of the pregnant state, from interventions, omissions, incorrect treatment, or from a chain of events resulting from any of these. - Examples include severe hemorrhage, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, or obstructed labor, which are not described in this scenario. *Unclassified death* - An **unclassified death** is assigned when there is insufficient information to determine the cause of death as direct, indirect, or coincidental. - In this case, the cause of death (heart disease) is known, making classification possible. *Medical (non-maternal) death* - This category usually refers to deaths from medical conditions **unrelated to or unaggravated by pregnancy**. - While heart disease is a medical condition, its occurrence six days postpartum strongly suggests that the physiological changes of pregnancy played a significant role in its exacerbation or presentation, thereby classifying it as a maternal death rather than a coincidental non-maternal death. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The amount of previously unrecognized disease that is diagnosed as a result of the screening effort is known as :

Yield. ***Yield*** - The **yield** of a screening program refers to the amount of **previously unrecognized disease** that is identified through the screening effort. - It essentially measures the **productivity** or **effectiveness** of the screening intervention in detecting new cases. *Reliability* - **Reliability** refers to the **consistency** of a measurement or test, meaning it produces the same results under the same conditions. - It does not describe the amount of new disease found but rather the **reproducibility** of the screening process. *Predictive accuracy* - **Predictive accuracy** (positive predictive value or negative predictive value) indicates the probability that a positive or negative test result **truly reflects** the presence or absence of the disease. - While related to screening performance, it's a measure of how accurately the test predicts disease status, not the overall quantity of newly diagnosed disease. *Validity* - **Validity** refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure, encompassing both **sensitivity** and **specificity**. - It describes the **accuracy** of the test in correctly identifying diseased and non-diseased individuals, but not the total number of new cases identified in the population. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The National Health Policy 2002 target to be achieved by the year 2010 is :

Reduce infant mortality rate 30/1000 live births. ***Reduce infant mortality rate 30/1000 live births*** - The **National Health Policy 2002** specifically set the target of reducing **Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) to 30 per 1000 live births by the year 2010**. - This was one of the key quantifiable goals with a clear timeline aligned with the question's timeframe. - The policy document explicitly mentioned this as a priority target for improving maternal and child health outcomes in India. *Eradication of polio* - While **polio eradication** was indeed a major objective of the National Health Policy 2002, the target year was **2005, not 2010**. - India achieved polio-free status in 2014 when WHO certified the country as polio-free. - This makes it incorrect for the specific year 2010 mentioned in the question. *Elimination of leprosy* - The **elimination of leprosy** (defined as prevalence of less than 1 case per 10,000 population) was targeted for **2005, not 2010**. - India achieved national level elimination in December 2005, though some districts continued to have higher prevalence. - This target predates the 2010 timeline asked in the question. *Achieve zero level growth of HIV/AIDS* - The National Health Policy 2002 aimed to **halt and reverse the HIV/AIDS epidemic** by 2007. - The specific phrase "zero level growth" and the year 2010 do not accurately reflect the policy's stated objectives. - The focus was on stabilizing prevalence and preventing new infections through NACP (National AIDS Control Programme). [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Universal precautions to be followed by the surgical team include all of the following except :

Accepted Answer

Prophylactic antimicrobials

Answer

Wearing boots

Answer

Wearing double gloves

Answer

Donning water repellent gown

Question 2

All of the following are eligibility criteria for female sterilization except :

Accepted Answer

At least two living children should be present

Answer

Client should be married

Answer

Client's age should not be less than 22 years or more than 49 years

Answer

Client or her spouse must not have undergone sterilisation in the past

Question 3

A woman dies from a heart disease six days after delivery. This would come under the category of :

Accepted Answer

Indirect maternal death

Answer

Direct maternal death

Answer

Unclassified death

Answer

Medical (non-maternal) death

Question 4

The amount of previously unrecognized disease that is diagnosed as a result of the screening effort is known as :

Accepted Answer

Yield

Answer

Reliability

Answer

Predictive accuracy

Answer

Validity

Question 5

The National Health Policy 2002 target to be achieved by the year 2010 is :

Accepted Answer

Reduce infant mortality rate 30/1000 live births

Answer

Elimination of leprosy

Answer

Eradication of polio

Answer

Achieve zero level growth of HIV/AIDS

Question 6

Discarded tablets are disposed of in :

Accepted Answer

Yellow plastic bag

Answer

Black plastic bag

Answer

Red plastic bag

Answer

Blue plastic bag

Question 7

In a village of 5,000 population, 50 persons suffered from cholera and 10 persons died. What will be the case fatality ratio?

Accepted Answer

20.0%

Answer

0.2%

Answer

5.0%

Answer

1.0%

Question 8

One of the following diseases has more than one route of transmission :

Accepted Answer

Influenza

Answer

Leprosy

Answer

Cholera

Answer

Typhoid fever

Question 9

Serial interval is the gap between :

Accepted Answer

Primary and secondary case

Answer

Index and primary case

Answer

Introduction of infection and development of maximum infectivity

Answer

Transmission of infection from patient to another susceptible host

Question 10

Vision 2020 India includes all of the following except :

Accepted Answer

Epidemic conjunctivitis

Answer

Refractive errors

Answer

Cataract

Answer

Glaucoma

UPSC-CMS 2013 — Community Medicine