UPSC-CMS 2013 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: All of the following cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen except :

Hypoglossal. ***Hypoglossal*** - The **hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)** exits the skull through the **hypoglossal canal**, not the jugular foramen. - Its primary function is to innervate the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the **tongue**. *Vagus* - The **vagus nerve (CN X)** is one of the three cranial nerves that traverse the **jugular foramen**. - It has extensive innervation, including parasympathetic supply to the **heart, lungs, and most of the gastrointestinal tract**. *Glossopharyngeal* - The **glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)** exits the skull via the **jugular foramen**. - It is responsible for **taste sensation** from the posterior one-third of the tongue and motor innervation to the **stylopharyngeus muscle**. *Spinal accessory* - The **spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)** passes through the **jugular foramen** after entering the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum. - It innervate the **sternocleidomastoid** and **trapezius muscles**, responsible for head and shoulder movements. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following ligaments contains splenic artery?

Spleno-renal ligament. ***Spleno-renal ligament*** - The **splenic artery**, a branch of the **celiac trunk**, runs along the **superior border of the pancreas** and then travels within the **spleno-renal (lienorenal) ligament** to reach the hilum of the spleen. - This ligament connects the **spleen to the left kidney** and also contains the **splenic vein** and the **tail of the pancreas** [1], . - The splenic artery is the primary vessel within this ligament. *Spleno-colic ligament* - This ligament connects the **spleen to the transverse colon** and does not contain the splenic artery [1], . - It primarily functions to stabilize the spleen's position relative to the colon. *Spleno-phrenic ligament* - This ligament connects the **spleen to the diaphragm** and is part of the suspensory ligaments of the spleen. - It does not contain major vessels like the splenic artery but may contain small accessory splenic vessels. *Gastro-splenic ligament* - This ligament connects the **spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach**. - It contains the **short gastric arteries** and the **left gastroepiploic vessels**, which are **branches of the splenic artery**, but not the main splenic artery itself [1], . [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Femoral hernias are more common in females because :

femoral canal is wide. ***femoral canal is wide*** - Females tend to have a **wider pelvis** to accommodate childbirth, which consequently leads to a proportionally wider and shorter femoral canal. - A wider femoral canal provides less structural support, making it easier for abdominal contents to herniate through the **femoral ring** [1]. *femoral canal is long* - The length of the femoral canal is not the primary factor influencing the predisposition to femoral hernias in females. - A longer canal might theoretically offer more resistance to herniation if its diameter were consistent. *ligaments of femoral canal neck are weak* - While ligamentous laxity can contribute to hernia formation, the primary anatomical reason for the increased incidence in females is the **wider canal**, not inherently weaker ligaments specific to the femoral canal neck. - The **inguinal ligament** forms the anterior boundary of the femoral ring, and its integrity is important, but its weakness isn't the direct cause of female predisposition. *weakness of posterior inguinal wall* - Weakness of the posterior inguinal wall is more directly associated with **direct inguinal hernias**, which are distinct from femoral hernias [1]. - Femoral hernias protrude below the inguinal ligament, through the femoral canal, rather than through the inguinal canal itself. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

All of the following cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen except :

Accepted Answer

Hypoglossal

Answer

Vagus

Answer

Glossopharyngeal

Answer

Spinal accessory

Question 2

Which of the following ligaments contains splenic artery?

Accepted Answer

Spleno-renal ligament

Answer

Spleno-colic ligament

Answer

Spleno-phrenic ligament

Answer

Gastro-splenic ligament

Question 3

Femoral hernias are more common in females because :

Accepted Answer

femoral canal is wide

Answer

femoral canal is long

Answer

ligaments of femoral canal neck are weak

Answer

weakness of posterior inguinal wall

UPSC-CMS 2013 — Anatomy