NEET-PG 2022 Practice Questions

Q: Among the following the plane of least pelvic dimension is:

Mid-cavity. ***Mid-cavity*** - The **mid-cavity** or **mid-pelvis** is the plane of smallest dimensions during labor, defined by the ischial spines laterally [1]. - This plane is crucial for determining if a fetus can successfully navigate the birth canal, as it represents the narrowest point [1]. *Inlet* - The **pelvic inlet** is the widest part of the pelvis and usually poses less of a restriction during the descent of the fetal head [1]. - It is bounded by the sacral promontory, arcuate line, pectineal line, and pubic crest [2]. *False pelvis* - The **false pelvis** is the upper, broader part of the pelvis and does not play a direct role in guiding the fetal head through the birth canal [1]. - Its boundaries are largely abdominal and do not define crucial dimensions for passage [2]. *Outlet* - The **pelvic outlet** is the final opening that the fetal head must pass through, and while its dimensions are important, the mid-cavity is generally the narrowest point. - Its dimensions are measured from the pubic arch to the tip of the coccyx [3].

Q: Contaminated tubing and catheters will be disposed in which bag according to biomedical waste management?

Red. ***Red Container*** - The **red bag** is designated for **contaminated recyclable waste** including tubing, catheters, intravenous sets, and soiled plastic items. - This waste is highly infectious and undergoes **autoclaving** or **microwaving** to disinfect it before recycling. *Yellow Container* - The **yellow bag** is used for **highly infectious waste** such as human anatomical waste, medical dressings, and microbiological waste. - This waste is typically **incinerated** or undergoes deep burial. *Blue Container* - The **blue/white puncture-proof container** is used for **sharp objects** like needles, syringes with fixed needles, and scalpel blades. - This waste is often **autoclaved** and then shredded or vitrified to prevent reuse and injury. *White Container* - In some biomedical waste management systems, a **white translucent container** is used for **glassware** that is contaminated with blood or body fluids, such as broken glass ampoules or vials. - The specific color codes can vary slightly between regions, but the red bag is consistently for contaminated plastic/tubing.

Q: A patient is having a continuous tremor and he has tendency to fall. Lesion is most commonly seen in?

Substantia Nigra. ***Substantia Nigra*** - A lesion in the **substantia nigra** leads to a deficiency of **dopamine**, which is characteristic of **Parkinson's disease** [1]. - Symptoms like **continuous tremor (resting tremor)**, **postural instability (tendency to fall)**, rigidity, and bradykinesia are hallmark features of Parkinson's disease, linked to substantia nigra degeneration [1], [2]. *Putamen* - While the putamen is part of the basal ganglia and involved in motor control, its primary lesion is not typically associated with the classic triad of **Parkinsonian symptoms** (tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia) [1]. - Lesions here might instead contribute to involuntary movements like **dystonia** or **chorea**, which are not described. *Globus pallidus* - The globus pallidus is involved in regulating voluntary movement, and lesions here can cause various movement disorders, including **dystonia**, **chorea**, or **hemiballismus** [2]. - However, isolated pallidal lesions are less commonly the primary cause of the specific combination of **resting tremor** and **falls** seen in Parkinson's. *Caudate nucleus* - The caudate nucleus plays a crucial role in cognitive and motor functions and is primarily affected in diseases like **Huntington's disease**, leading to **chorea** and cognitive decline [2]. - Lesions in the caudate nucleus do not typically present with a **continuous tremor** and **tendency to fall** as the predominant symptoms.

Q: Magnesium is not involved in ?

Hemoglobin synthesis. ***Hemoglobin synthesis*** - **Magnesium** is not directly involved in the synthesis of **hemoglobin**; **iron** is the crucial mineral for this process. - While magnesium is vital for many enzymatic reactions, it does not play a direct role in forming the heme structure or globin chains. *Cellular oxidation* - **Magnesium** acts as a **cofactor** for numerous enzymes involved in **cellular respiration** and **oxidative phosphorylation**, which are key processes in cellular oxidation. - These enzymatic reactions are critical for energy production within the cell. *Membrane transport* - **Magnesium** ions are essential for the proper functioning of various **ion channels** and **pumps**, such as the **Na+/K+ ATPase**, which are fundamental for maintaining **membrane potential** and **active transport**. - It influences the permeability of cell membranes and the movement of substances across them. *Glucose tolerance* - **Magnesium** plays a significant role in **glucose metabolism** and **insulin signaling**, affecting **glucose uptake** and utilization by cells, thereby influencing **glucose tolerance**. - Deficiency in magnesium has been linked to **insulin resistance** and an increased risk of **type 2 diabetes**.

Q: While shaving, a 45-year-old teacher notices a marble-sized mass beneath his left ear. The mass is eventually excised, revealing which of the following benign parotid gland lesions?

Warthin tumor. ***Warthin tumor*** - **Warthin tumors** are benign, cystic tumors of the parotid gland, often presenting as a painless, soft, and mobile mass, consistent with a "marble-sized mass." - They are the second most common benign parotid neoplasm and are frequently found in older men, especially those who smoke. *Cystic dilation* - While cystic dilation can occur in the parotid gland, it is typically associated with conditions like **sialolithiasis** (salivary stones) or ductal obstruction, which would usually present with pain and swelling secondary to eating. - The description of a "marble-sized mass" without other symptoms is less typical for simple cystic dilation. *Mikulicz's disease* - Mikulicz's disease, or **IgG4-related sclerosing disease**, is a systemic condition characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of exocrine glands, leading to bilateral, diffuse enlargement of various glands, including the parotid. - It usually presents with diffuse, persistent swelling, not a solitary, marble-sized mass, and is associated with elevated IgG4 levels. *Glandular hypertrophy, secondary to vitamin A deficiency* - **Glandular hypertrophy** of the parotid gland can occur due to various systemic conditions, but it is typically a diffuse, bilateral enlargement, not a discrete, unilateral mass. - While vitamin A deficiency can lead to metaplasia of glandular epithelium, it is not a direct cause of parotid gland hypertrophy or discrete mass formation.

Question 1

Among the following the plane of least pelvic dimension is:

Accepted Answer

Mid-cavity

Answer

Inlet

Answer

False pelvis

Answer

Outlet

Question 2

Contaminated tubing and catheters will be disposed in which bag according to biomedical waste management?

Accepted Answer

Red

Answer

Yellow

Answer

Blue

Answer

White

Question 3

A farmer has an ulcer on leg with indurated margin and multiple sinuses with discharging granules. The likely diagnosis is -

Accepted Answer

Mycetoma

Answer

Lupus vulgaris

Answer

Actinomycosis

Answer

Scrofuloderma

Question 4

A patient is having a continuous tremor and he has tendency to fall. Lesion is most commonly seen in?

Accepted Answer

Substantia Nigra

Answer

Putamen

Answer

Globus pallidus

Answer

Caudate nucleus

Question 5

Magnesium is not involved in ?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin synthesis

Answer

Cellular oxidation

Answer

Membrane transport

Answer

Glucose tolerance

Question 6

While shaving, a 45-year-old teacher notices a marble-sized mass beneath his left ear. The mass is eventually excised, revealing which of the following benign parotid gland lesions?

Accepted Answer

Warthin tumor

Answer

Cystic dilation

Answer

Mikulicz's disease

Answer

Glandular hypertrophy, secondary to vitamin A deficiency

NEET-PG 2022

Anatomy

Community Medicine

Dermatology

Internal Medicine

Physiology

Surgery