NEET-PG 2018 — Community Medicine

Q: Sample size of samples A, B and C are 500, 800 and 1000 respectively. Which sample has the highest margin of error? (NEET Jan 2018)

Sample A. ***Sample A*** - The **margin of error** is inversely proportional to the square root of the sample size. Therefore, a smaller sample size leads to a larger margin of error. - Sample A has the smallest sample size (N=500) among the given options, thus having the **highest margin of error**. *Sample B* - With a sample size of 800, Sample B has a **smaller margin of error** than Sample A but a larger margin of error than Sample C. - As the sample size increases, the precision of the estimate improves, and the margin of error decreases. *Sample C* - Sample C has the largest sample size (N=1000), which results in the **smallest margin of error** among all samples. - A larger sample size generally provides a more accurate representation of the population. *None of above* - This option is incorrect because the sample size directly influences the margin of error, and Sample A clearly has the smallest size. - Based on statistical principles, one of the samples must inherently have the highest margin of error.

Q: The program shown in the image is used for monitoring:

TB. ***TB*** - The image shows the **Nikshay** portal logo, which is India's web-based solution for **monitoring and management of Tuberculosis (TB)** patients under the **National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP)**, formerly known as RNTCP. - **Nikshay** serves as a comprehensive platform for recording patient data, treatment outcomes, and program performance specifically related to **TB surveillance and control**. *Leprosy* - **Leprosy monitoring** in India is handled through different programs like **NLEP (National Leprosy Eradication Programme)**, not through the Nikshay portal. - The Nikshay system is specifically designed for **TB management**, not for leprosy case detection or monitoring. *OCP usage* - **OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill)** usage monitoring is part of **family planning programs** and reproductive health initiatives, completely unrelated to infectious disease surveillance. - There is no connection between the **Nikshay portal** and contraceptive usage monitoring systems. *Chandler index* - The **Chandler index** is a forensic pathology measure used to describe **postmortem blood flow changes** in deceased individuals. - It has no relevance to **public health monitoring programs** or disease surveillance systems like Nikshay.

12 Questions — Page 2 of 2

Q11

Sample size of samples A, B and C are 500, 800 and 1000 respectively. Which sample has the highest margin of error? (NEET Jan 2018)

Q12

The program shown in the image is used for monitoring: